نتایج جستجو برای: underground economy affects important indexes such as formal gdp

تعداد نتایج: 6512257  

ژورنال: پژوهشنامه مالیات 2020
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Nowadays, Value Added Tax (VAT) plays an important role in the economy of countries. Furthermore, VAT accounts for more than a half of their total tax revenues. The statistical surveys during the past decade indicate that the VAT increased dramatically across the world including Iran. Therefore, the ratio of VAT revenues to GDP is 12%, 4% in developed and developing countries respectively; howe...

2004
Mauro Alem Kenichi Ueda

This paper estimates/calibrates a growth model with endogenous financial structure using household data from Peru. The idea is to feature the role of financial infrastructure in generating GDP growth and increasing inequality as observed in Peru during the 1990’s through the lens of an economic model of households’ saving/investment decisions. The typical approach to estimate the contribution o...

پایان نامه :وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - دانشگاه گیلان 1390

in iran we already use laminate tubes only in cosmetics industry. laminate tube manufacturers via using the most modern technology of the world, faced with the laminate tube market being saturated in cosmetics industry for packaging the cosmetic creams and toothpaste. but considering the great food market and therefore laminate tube features such as beautiful packaging, ease of use for the fina...

پایان نامه :دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی - دانشکده برق و الکترونیک 1390

there are many approaches for solving variety combinatorial optimization problems (np-compelete) that devided to exact solutions and approximate solutions. exact methods can only be used for very small size instances due to their expontional search space. for real-world problems, we have to employ approximate methods such as evolutionary algorithms (eas) that find a near-optimal solution in a r...

پایان نامه :وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری - دانشگاه تبریز - دانشکده کشاورزی 1389

abstract: since sugar consumption is directly related to diabetes and other illnesses such as obesity, the issue that will most heavily dominate the health food market is blood sugar management and low glycemic foods. using calcium chloride and gums such as sodium alginate and low ester pectin as thikener and a high-potency sweetener aspartame we were able to reduce sugar content of sour cherry...

2001
Kristin Hallberg Sonia Plaza James C. Hanna

The economy of Mexico is diversified, with the highest proportion of activity in its formal economic structure. Services account for 47.3 percent of GDP, community and social services 22.4 percent, financial services 13.5 percent, and transport and communications 11.4 percent. Industry generates 28.2 percent of GDP, and agriculture 5 percent. The informal sector is large. Although estimates of ...

Journal: :تحقیقات اقتصادی 0
عبدالرسول قاسمی هیأت علمی دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی علی اصغر بانویی عضو هیأت علمی دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی نیره روزبهانی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی

technological developments in various sectors and considering the speed and accuracy as an integral part of the decision-making process in the age of knowledge economy, has caused the disaster economy an important role in risk assessment and management in national and regional planning. the development of models used in this area, resulted in considering indirect consequences of disasters on th...

2011
Mohammad Amin

There is a growing body of evidence which suggests that relative to male-owned businesses, female-owned businesses suffer various disadvantages leading to their lower efficiency—the female-owned business underperformance hypothesis. Firm performance is typically measured by firm-size, labor productivity or various estimates of total factor productivity. However, a key shortcoming of this litera...

2015
L. Yan L. P. Zhang

For the shortage of the traditional evaluation methods of the urban economy, A new evaluation model proposed, establishing an index system of evaluation and decision table on city economy, and extracting important properties of input data from Rough Set and neural network, and evaluation indexes reduced as input of neural network to realize the city's economic strength evaluation , then, using ...

Journal: :Journal of Indonesian Applied Economics 2021

This study discusses analysis of United States quantitative easing policy on real output in Indonesia. QE not only affects US economy but also influences the economic indicators other countries, especially Indonesia countries with increasingly integrated market conditions. At present has been very open, so that policies originating from abroad can affect country's The possibility global spillov...

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