Uncertainty theory is a mathematical methodology for dealing withnon-determinate phenomena in nature. As we all know, uncertainprocess and uncertain integral are important contents of uncertaintytheory, so it is necessary to have deep research. This paperpresents the definition and discusses some properties of strongcomonotonic uncertain process. Besides, some useful formulas ofuncertain integr...

For the microelectronics manufacturing industries that have uncertain demand, high volume cost and Oligarchs characteristics, we often discuss the possibility of competitors on the capacity of strategy. First of all we use the industry data to analysis the manufacturing cost, demand and the historical situation of the revenue and we also discuss the influence about the uncertain demand and high...

How to make full use of IaaS resources while guaranteeing the quality service conditions is one main issues facing resource allocation. However, current allocation schemes at and PaaS levels do not consider uncertainty SaaS user access (i.e., demand), availability, provider revenue. For existing cloud configuration levels, randomness (resource demand) supply applications, as well revenue applic...

The community integrated energy system (CIES) is an essential internet carrier that has recently been the focus of much attention. A scheduling model based on chance-constrained programming proposed for demand response (IDR)-enabled CIES in uncertain environments to minimize operating costs, where IDR program used explore potential interaction ability electricity-gas-heat flexible loads and ele...

Although there are many articles on carbon emission reduction of sustainable supply chain, most them study the efficiency chain in case single policy or demand determination. Based previous studies, this paper considered a consisting manufacturer and retailer an uncertain market. The effects randomness different policies level optimal decision were studied by constructing mean-variance utility ...

Characterization and evaluation of a biological submerged filter was carried out on a full-scale pilot plant performing removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) from pre-treated urban wastewater. The average influent values of BOD5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN were 370, 1,015 and 60 mg/L, respectively. The pilot plant produced good discharge quality during stea...

BACKGROUND Although patient demand is frequently cited by physicians as a reason for inappropriate prescribing, the phenomenon has not been adequately studied. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of perceived patient demand in physician-patient encounters; to identify characteristics of the patient, physician and prescribing situation that are associated with perceived...