Abstract Uncertainty in preindustrial aerosol emissions, including fires, is one of the largest sources uncertainty estimating anthropogenic radiative forcing. Here, we quantify range forcing associated with location and magnitude fire emissions a climate model based on four emission estimates. With varied among estimates, find change from present‐day to between −0.4 0.3 W/m 2 for direct −1.8 0...

Nonglucose reducing substances in blood Constitute the “saccharoid fraction,” which increases both in hyperand hypoglycemia. The phosphate esters, including weak-acid phosphates and fructose-i ,6-diphosphate, constitute 14 to 25% of the saccharoid fraction in whole blood, 2 to 9% in plasma, and 24 to 35% in erythrocytes of normal rats treated with insulin or epinephrine and of alloxan diabetic ...

Frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) was employed to measure air-broadened CO(2) line shape parameters for transitions near 1.6 μm over a pressure range of 6.7-33 kPa. The high sensitivity of FS-CRDS allowed for the first measurements in this wavelength range of air-broadened line shape parameters on samples with CO(2) mixing ratios near those of the atmosphere. The meas...

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a common complication of therapeutic immunosuppression after organ transplantation. The majority of PTLD is of B-cell origin and over 90% of PTLDs are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive (Paya et al., 1999; Gottschalk et al., 2005). Clinically, EBV negative patients tend to occur later and have an overall poorer prognosis(Nelson et al., 2000)...

Classical theories of the firm assume access to reliable signals to measure the causal impact of choice variables on profit. For advertising expenditure we show, using twenty-five online field experiments (representing $2.8 million) with major U.S. retailers and brokerages, that this assumption typically does not hold. Statistical evidence from the randomized trials is very weak because individ...

This paper focuses on developing and validating the CALMET-CALPUFF modelling system to be ultimately used as a tool for evaluating the potential air quality impacts of transportation plans. Our study is set in the Montreal Metropolitan Area. For this purpose, emissions of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) were modelled using a transportation and emissions model which accounts for individual trips and vehic...

A novel high-speed tensile test instrument is described, capable of measuring the mechanical response of elastomers at strain rates ranging from 10 to 1600 s(-1) for strains through failure. The device employs a drop weight that engages levers to stretch a sample on a horizontal track. To improve dynamic equilibrium, a common problem in high speed testing, equal and opposite loading was applied...

This paper addresses the influences of common ground, context and information structure on the linguistic production and interpretation processes with a special reference to counter-expectation in Thai. It presents, first of all, a fresh view on the operation of the particle lɛɛw45 as a marker of counter-expectation. It also indicates the association of the particle with focus and the influence...

We consider a model dense colloidal dispersion at the glass transition, and investigate the connection between equilibrium stress fluctuations, seen in linear shear moduli, and the shear stresses under strong flow conditions far from equilibrium, viz., flow curves for finite shear rates. To this purpose, thermosensitive core-shell particles consisting of a polystyrene core and a cross-linked po...