OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the importance of thoracic veins in the maintenance of sustained (non-paroxysmal) atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS Thoracic veins, including the pulmonary veins (PVs), vein of Marshall (VOM) and the superior vena cava (SVC), have muscle sleeves that connect to the atria. It is well known that electrical activities can be recorded within thes...

Prostacyclin is the principal product of prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide (PGH,) metabolism in rabbit mesenteric arteries and veins, as assessed by synthesis of 6-oxo-PGFla. Formation of PGE,, PGD,, PGFfc, and C17-hydroxyacid of PGH, (HHT) were also detected but arose probably from non-enzymic decomposition of PGH,. The effects of prostacyclin (PGI,), 6-oxo-PGFla and PGE, on sympathetic nerre fu...

OBJECTIVE To establish an experimental model for lower pole nephrectomy using 3-dimensional endocasts of human kidneys. METHODS We studied 38 adult kidneys. The ureters, veins, and arteries were dissected and injected with yellow, blue, and red polyester resin, respectively. While the resins were still in a gel state, we performed lower pole guillotine sections at various distances from the h...

BACKGROUND Although many articles on perforating veins have been published, much knowledge about these veins is lacking. OBJECTIVE In this review relevant facts about the clinical importance of perforating veins in venous disease are described. METHODS A literature search on English, French and German articles has been performed using literature databases like Medline, Embase and Cochrane. ...

AIMS There existed an ambiguity in the current echo literature about the identification of the pulmonary veins imaged by echocardiography. This study was designed to identify the site and blood flow of individual pulmonary veins by transthoracic echocardiography. METHODS AND RESULTS Transthoracic echocardiography was used to display individual pulmonary veins in the apical and parasternal sho...

The application of phenol to the femoral veins of anesthetized dogs resulted in an occluding thrombus in 24 of 25 veins at 1 week. Serial venography and eventual histology showed that these veins remained occluded over a 5-week observation period, the thrombi undergoing organization. Therapeutic defibrination was achieved with administration of an enzyme from venom of the pit viper (Arvin). Arv...

We assessed the hemodynamic effects induced by the thoracic pump in the intra- and extracranial veins of the cerebral venous system on healthy volunteers. Activation of the thoracic pump was standardized among subjects by setting the deep inspiration at 70% of individual vital capacity. Peak velocity (PV), time average velocity (TAV), vein area (VA), and flow quantification (Q) were assessed by...

Vascular corrosion casts of 12 equine, 15 bovine and 50 porcine eyes were studied scanning electron microscopically for the presence of posterior ciliary veins. These veins drain a postequatorial segment of the choroid and emerge near the posterior bulbar pole. They complement the four vorticose veins that emerge near or at the equatorial zone of the eyeball and the slender choroidoretinal vein...

BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the anatomy and variations of right lobe accessory veins and segment 5-8 veins draining into middle hepatic vein with 64 slice multidetector computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS 100 consecutive living donor candidates underwent 64 slice CT angiography. Image interpretation was performed based on source axial images, multiplanar reformats, and three-di...