When CV-1 mammalian cells were X-irradiated before infection with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated herpes simplex virus, an increase in survival of this virus was observed. X-ray reactivation is proposed as the name of this phenomenon by analogy with UV reactivation. The amount of survival enhancement was about the same as that found for UV reactivation in the same virus-host system. The enhancement...

Long exposure of UV radiation increases risk of skin diseases such as cancer and photoallergic reactions. UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation is mainly responsible for inducing skin problems. Skin protection is a suitable method in the fight against ultraviolet radiation induced damage. Various synthetic agents have been used as photo protective but because of their potential toxicity in humans, they h...

Organisms living in clear, shallow water are exposed to the damaging wavelengths of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) coincident with the longer wavelengths of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) also necessary for vision. With the general exception of bacteria, taxonomically diverse marine and freshwater organisms have evolved the capacity to synthesize or accumulate UV-absorbing myco...

Ultraviolet (UV) energy has been used to kill microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses in air since the early 1900s. If sufficiently high doses of UV are used, the technology can very effectively sterilize air. Low UV doses and lack of uniformity of the UV radiation can, however, significantly reduce the germicidal effects of UV. This White Paper describes a new Advanced UV System (AUVS) tec...

The Mediterranean Sea is a vulnerable region for climate change, warming at higher rates compare to the global ocean. Warming leads to increased stratification of the water column and enhanced the oligotrophic nature of the Mediterranean Sea. The oligotrophic waters are already highly transparent, however, exposure of Mediterranean plankton to ultraviolet radiation (UV-B and UV-A) may increase ...

chemical methods ( actinometry ) depend on the measurement of the extent to which a chemical reaction occurs under the influence of uv light. two chemical actinometers have been used in this research. in one method, the mixtures of potassium peroxidisuiphate butanol solutions were irradiated for various time intervals, and ph-changes were determined. a linear relationship was observed between t...

Classification of major secondary metabolite groups is described. A short account is also given to ultraviolet (UV) climatology and UV response in plants. Investigations regarding secondary metabolite production in plants, in vitro cultivated plant cell and tissue cultures under UV radiation, particularly UV-B (280-315 nm) and UV-C (200-280 nm) are reviewed. The capacity of plants, callus and t...

Colonies of Stylophora pistillata maintained for four years in indoor aquaria in the near absence of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) contained only small amounts (,5 nmol mg21 protein) of 10 identified mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs, which act as UV sunscreens), the largest number reported in any organism. The concentrations of most MAAs increased linearly or exponentially when colonies were ex...

The ultraviolet (UV) region of electromagnetic radiation from sun occupies a section of wavelengths ranging from 400 to 10 nm. It is highly ionizing and activates many chemical processes on different types of materials and living beings. As a function of its effects on the biosphere, the UV radiation regions are arbitrarily called UV-A, UV-B and UV-C. A global scale called Solar Ultra Violet In...