The Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) paradigm probes the influence of Pavlovian cues over instrumentally learned behavior. The paradigm has been used extensively to probe basic cognitive and motivational processes in studies of animal learning. More recently, PIT and its underlying neural basis have been extended to investigations in humans. These initial neuroimaging studies of PIT hav...

PiT-1 and PiT-2 are related multiple transmembrane proteins which function as sodium-dependent phosphate transporters and as the cell receptors of several oncoretroviruses. Two copies of a homology domain that is found in distantly related species assign these proteins to a large family of phosphate transporters. A current membrane topology model of PiT-1 and PiT-2 predicts 10 transmembrane dom...

BACKGROUND The POU class 1 homeobox 1 transcription factor (POU1F1, also known as Pit-1) was reported to be associated with tumor progression and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of Pit-1 in breast cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The relative expression levels of Pit-1 in breast cancer patients were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PC...

A new type of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based, highly specific phototherapy (photoimmunotherapy; PIT) that uses a near infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye, IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated with a mAb, has recently been described. NIR light exposure leads to immediate, target-selective necrotic cell death in vitro. Detecting immediate in vivo cell death is more difficult because it takes at least 3 d...

PIT-2 is a type III sodium phosphate cotransporter and the receptor for amphotropic murine leukemia viruses. We have investigated the expression and the functions of a tagged version of PIT-2 in CHO cells. PIT-2 remained equally abundant at the cell surface within 6 h following variation of the phosphate supply. In contrast, the efficiency of phosphate uptake and retrovirus entry was inversely ...

Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) is a new cancer treatment that combines the specificity of antibodies for targeting tumors with the toxicity induced by photosensitizers after exposure to near infrared (NIR) light. We performed PIT in a model of disseminated gastric cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis and monitored efficacy with in vivo GFP fluorescence imaging. In vitro and in vivo experiments were condu...

BACKGROUND In rural Bangladesh, India and elsewhere, pour-flush pit latrines are the most common sanitation system. When a single pit latrine becomes full, users must empty it themselves and risk exposure to fresh feces, pay an emptying service to remove pit contents or build a new latrine. Double pit pour-flush latrines may serve as a long-term sanitation option including high water table area...

Minimum mean-squared error decision-feedback equalisation (DFE) for joint spatial/temporal equalisation is derived. Here, no finite length assumptions are made but asymptotic results, i.e., ultimate limits are studied. The performance of MMSE DFE for transmission over MIMO ISI channels is assessed by means of numerical simulations for typical high-rate wireless scenarios.

Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new cancer treatment that combines the specificity of antibodies for targeting tumors with the toxicity induced by photon absorbers after irradiation with NIR light. The purpose of this study was to determine if MR imaging can detect changes in the MR properties of tumor within several hours of NIR-PIT. A431 cells were injected subcutaneously in t...

Recent work published in the accompanying paper used a combination of 3D morphological reconstruction to define optical spread functions and heat transfer physics to study how external heat energy would reach the sensory membrane within the facial pit of pitvipers. The results from all of the species examined indicated asymmetric directional sensitivity, e.g. the pit would preferentially respon...