BACKGROUND The lumbar spine may experience significant shear forces during occupational tasks due to the force of gravity acting on the upper body when bending the trunk forward, or when performing tasks involving pushing or pulling. Shear force limits of 1000 N and 500 N have been recommended by previous authors for maximum permissible limit and action limit, respectively. METHODS The presen...

Structural design of ships and offshore structures has been moving towards limit state design or reliability-based design. Improving the accuracy and efficiency of predicting ultimate strength of structural components, such as unstiffened panels and stiffened panels, has significant impact on our daily structural design. Empirical formulations have been widely used because of its simplicity and...

We study the quantum metrology for a pair of entangled Unruh-Dewitt detectors when one of them is accelerated and coupled to a massless scalar field. Comparing with previous schemes, our model requires only local interaction and avoids the use of cavities in the probe state preparation process. We show that the probe state preparation and the interaction between the accelerated detector and the...

Self-triggered control is a promising aperiodic control paradigm that allows the design of resource-efficient control schemes. Several results were recently developed for self-triggered control of linear systems, but self-triggered control for nonlinear systems is still not well understood. Existing techniques are mainly limited to homogeneous or polynomial closed-loop systems that are inputto-...

Design spectra are commonly defined for a constant value of hazard associated to an “ultimate” limit state (LS) reference, typically 10% in 50 years. Given specific structure, this approach results different limit-state exceedance risk levels even sites characterized by the same design peak ground acceleration (PGA), mainly because differences curve shape/slope. Instead, Risk Targeted maps (fir...

A new satellite-based experiment in the field of gravitation, SaToR-G, is presented. It aims to compare predictions different theories gravitation limit weak-field and slow-motion. The ultimate goal SaToR-G searching for possible “new physics” beyond General Relativity, which represent state-of-the-art our current knowledge gravitational physics. key role above perspective theoretical experimen...

Whether monetary, environmental, or otherwise, the cost of structure is always an important aspect when designing reinforced concrete. A with a low desirable, but other considerations must be made. First and foremost, structures should safe. The two conditions define structural optimization problem that this paper seeks to solve as finding lowest cost, which also Validation concrete in ultimate...