The classification of natural waters is a way to generalize and systematize ocean color science. However, there no consensus on an optimal water template in many contexts. In this study, we conducted unsupervised the PACE (Plankton, Aerosols, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem) synthetic hyperspectral data set, divided global into 15 classes, then obtained set fuzzy logic optical type schemes (abbreviated ...

Color of seawater has become an integral tool in understanding surface marine ecosystems and processes. In this paper we seek to assess the correlations and consequently the potential of using shipborne remote sensing products to infer marine environmental parameters. Typical seawater parameters are chlorophyll–a (chl–a), colored dissolved organic material (CDOM), suspended particulate material...

Annotated corpora are essential for training and testing algorithms in natural language processing (NLP), but even so-called gold-standard corpora contain a significant number of annotation errors (cf. Dickinson 2005, and references therein). For part-of-speech annotation, these errors have been shown to be problematic for both training and evaluation of NLP technology (van Halteren 2000; Padro...

ownload pite the initial effectiveness of oncogene-directed cancer therapeutics, acquired drug resistance rethe ultimate “Achilles' heel” for long-term durable remission in cancer patients. Acquisition of drug nce is not more evident elsewhere than in the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, imatinib and da, for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Hence, even though imatinib initially pro...

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RNA molecules start assembling into ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes during transcription. Dynamic RNP assembly, largely directed by cis-acting elements on the RNA, coordinates all processes in which is involved. To identify sites bound a specific RNA-binding protein endogenous RNAs, cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) complementary, proximity-based methods have been developed. In thi...

Nowadays, spam represents an extensive subset of the information delivered through Internet involving all unsolicited and disturbing communications received while using different services including e-mail, weblogs and forums. In this context, this paper reviews and brings together previous approaches and novel alternatives for applying rough set (RS) theory to the spam filtering domain by defin...

After discussing several issues in a future redefinition of the kilogram, this paper considers the lessons that one might have learned from the analogous redefinitions of the metre and the second. The progress of length metrology was slow and steady, from seven digits reproducibility with the 1889 X-shaped metre prototype, to nine digits with Kr lamps, to 11 digits with the 1983 redefinition of...

The performance of on line algorithms for learning dichotomies is studied In on line learn ing the number of examples P is equivalent to the learning time since each example is presented only once The learning curve or generalization error as a function of P depends on the schedule at which the learning rate is lowered For a target that is a perceptron rule the learning curve of the perceptron ...