Abstract—The world crude oil demand is projected to rise to 108.5 million bbl/d by the year 2035. With reserves estimated at 869 billion tonnes worldwide, coal remains an abundant resource. The aim of this work was to produce a high value hydrocarbon liquid product using a Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) process at, relatively mild operating conditions. Via hydrogenation, the temperature-staged ...

The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is one of the most important combinational optimization problems that have nowadays received much attention because of its practical applications in industrial and service problems. In this paper, a hybrid two-phase meta-heuristic algorithm called MACSGA used for solving the TSP is presented. At the first stage, the TSP is solved by the modified ant colony s...

It is interesting to compare the efficiency of two methods when their computational loads in each iteration are equal. In this paper, two classes of contraction methods for monotone variational inequalities are studied in a unified framework. The methods of both classes can be viewed as prediction-correction methods, which generate the same test vector in the prediction step and adopt the same ...

In this paper, we empirically investigate the convergence properties of policy iteration applied to the optimal control of systems with continuous state and action spaces. We demonstrate that policy iteration requires lesser iterations than value iteration to converge, but requires more function evaluations to generate cost-to-go approximations in the policy evaluation step. Two different alter...

27 information is used. A choice then has to be made as to which is the most eecient option. Acknowledgments. We are grateful to the referees for their useful comments. We thank Robert Michael Lewis for his valuable suggestions on how best to present this material, particularly the results given in x7. Mathematical models for the predictive value of early CA125 serum levels in epithelial ovaria...

The Haar wavelet collocation with iteration technique is applied for solving a class of time-fractional physical equations. The approximate solutions obtained by two dimensional Haar wavelet with iteration technique are compared with those obtained by analytical methods such as Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and variational iteration method (VIM). The results show that the present scheme is...