The theory of formative assessment outlined in this article is relevant to a broad spectrum of learning outcomes in a wide variety of subjects. Specifically, it applies wherever multiple criteria are used in making judgments about the quality of student responses. The theory has less relevance for outcomes in which student responses may be assessed simply as correct or incorrect. Feedback is de...

The graph topo-visual formalism has been shown to be well-suited to the task of visualizing complex relations on a set of elements. Unfortunately, most visual formalisms do not scale very well. This observation is particularly true of graphs, which even when hand-drawn by an artist, are seldom meaningful when the number of nodes or links exceeds a very modest threshold typically only a few hund...

In this paper wormhole effects on SO(3) YM theory are examined. The wormhole wave functions for the scalar, the vector and the tensor expansion modes are computed assuming a small gauge coupling which leads to an effective decoupling of gravity and YM theory. These results are used to determine the wormhole vertices and the corresponding effective operators for the lowest expansion mode of each...

various basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes, grown in liquid and solid culture media, were compared for their laccase-producing ability and for the inducing effect of soil and agricultural residues on laccase production. laccase activity in extracts of all solid media was higher than that of the liquid media. in liquid cultures, fungal laccase activity in ex-tracts of pea (pisum sativum) straw-tr...

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DNA is generally considered to be chemically rather inert, but self-cleaving DNA molecules have recently been isolated from in vitro selection experiments; their properties advance the idea that, like RNA, DNA can serve as both a catalyst and an information storage medium.

background & aim : universities should play an important role in education commensurate with the expectations of stakeholders and of the community as well. the university professors and teachers have critical positions in education. this research aimed to explore the perspective of students in tehran university of medical sciences (tums) about characteristics of a model teacher. methods & mater...

nowadays, improvement of thinking skills of students is one of the universally supported aims in the majority of medical schools. this study aims to design longitudinal theme of reasoning, problem-solving and decision-making into the undergraduate medical curriculum at tehran university of medical sciences (tums). a participatory approach was applied to design the curriculum during 2009-2011. t...