The author discusses some of the dominant assertions in literature on Russian history. One them is disqualification myth benevolent tsar as “false”. This accompanied by formulas “naïve or popular monarchism”, which designate “pre-scientific illusions” that would have guided collective movements resistance to autocracy. Given importance representations and power history, theoretical premises abo...

At the end of twentieth and beginning twenty-first century there is a widespread renewal interest in “Project Enlightenment” its relevance for present day. The subject has rarely been touched upon Russia. However, concept “enlightenment” can be found Russian present-day public discourse. Here different traditions interpretation enlightenment are taken up once more. changes modifications intelle...

BACKGROUND Longitudinal nationwide data on antimicrobial susceptibility in Proteus mirabilis from different sources are rare. The effects of the revised Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) β-lactam breakpoints on susceptibility rates and on detecting extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase-producers in this species are also seldom evaluated. The present study an...

This article focuses on the Bulgarian Tsar Simeon I Great (893-927), who in second half of his reign entered into a protracted military and ideological conflict with Byzantine Empire. He wished not only to extend dominions at expense southern neighbour, but also equal him titular power, it is possible - although scholars differ this point that aspirations reached even further, namely Constantin...

The article explores the transfer of foreign borrowings into Russian public administration system in 1700s — first half 1710s. author argues that transformations state apparatus before 1713 were not qualitative nature, they resulted from evolutionary development traditional management model, stimulated by need to provide resources for warring and reforming army. All innovations limited borrowin...