This article shows how much certain German language newspapers were a vehicule for reporting to the lay public on 'combating' tropical diseases. Through the press, immigrants and their descendents in Brazil were informed not only about the diseases which afflicted German colonists in Africa, but also about measures concerning sanitation, prophylaxis and experiments with tropical medicine, etc. ...

Unlike the major droughts of the twentieth century that are readily identified in the instrumental record, similar events in the nineteenth century have to be identified using a combination of proxy data, historical accounts and a sparse collection of early instrumental records. In the USA, three distinct periods of widespread and persistent drought stand out in these records for the latter hal...

Thin tropical cirrus layers sometimes extend hundreds of kilometers horizontally and often persist for time periods of several hours to more than a day before dissipating. Due to their ubiquity and location in the very cold tropical upper troposphere and above the very warm tropical ocean, tropical cirrus clouds play a major role in the earth’s radiation budget (Liou 1986). Despite their impact...

Introduction: Human Toxocariasis is a zoonotic helminthic infection caused by migration of larval stage of Toxocara canis and Toxocara catti (T.canis and T.catti) that mainly affects children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of anti-Toxocara antibody IgG in serums of 5-15-years-old children referred to Bandar Abbas and rural parts of nearby health centers. Along with Ant...

The long-term goals are to understand how variabilities in the large-scale atmospheric environment influence tropical cyclone track, structure, and intensity characteristics and define how these influences differ between developing, mature, and decaying tropical cyclones. During the initial stages of tropical cyclone development, structure and track characteristics can exhibit large variabiliti...

In Australia, peritonitis is an important cause of technique failure and infectious deaths amongst peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The temperature and humidity differences in individual climatic regions may influence the development of PD peritonitis by changing patient behaviour and hygiene, distribution of normal skin flora, organism virulence, and the chance of contamination. Previous stu...

Rowland et al. (2015) published recently in Nature a study suggesting that "death from drought in tropical forests is triggered by hydraulics not carbon starvation". We have reanalyzed they data with the objective of placing them in a more global perspective. Drought is one of the major forces shaping forest ecosystems around the world, but much remains unknown about the mechanisms by which dro...

The Olmos Formation (upper Campanian), with over 60 angiosperm leaf morphotypes, is Mexico's richest Cretaceous flora. Paleoclimate leaf physiognomy estimates indicate that the Olmos paleoforest grew under wet and warm conditions, similar to those present in modern tropical rainforests. Leaf surface area, tree size and climate reconstructions suggest that this was a highly productive system. Ef...

Cotton yield under the rainfed farming system in tropical semi-arid regions is significantly decreased by prolonged dry spells. In this context, supplemental irrigation (SI) with treated wastewater emerges as a strategy for sustainability of agricultural production besides contributing to reduction fertilizer costs. The objective research was evaluate productivity, photosynthetic parameters, fi...

The global burden of influenza is unknown but thought to be considerable. In 2008, the global estimate of influenza-associated severe acute lower respiratory illness in children <5 years was 1 million cases1 , and the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests that 3-5 million severe cases occur in persons of all ages each 2 . In temperate regions, influenza usually causes annual outbreaks during...