T cell line-tropic (T-tropic) HIV type 1 strains enter cells by interacting with the cell-surface molecules CD4 and CXCR4. We have generated transgenic mice predominantly expressing human CD4 and CXCR4 on their CD4-positive T lymphocytes (CD4+ T cells). Their primary thymocytes are susceptible to T-tropic but not to macrophage-tropic HIV-1 infection in vitro, albeit with a viral antigen product...

This major advance followed closely on the heels of the discovery that an activity in lymphocyte supernatants that inhibited HIV replication consisted of three chemo-of macrophage-tropic, but not T cell line–tropic, strains of HIV-1 (Cocchi et al., 1995). Together, these findings set the stage for the demonstration that CCR5, the receptor for the three ␤-chemokines, is the major cofactor Only t...

Abstract Success of Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique for deriving digital elevation model (DEM) in the heavily vegetated humid tropic using Sentinel-1 SAR has been controversial, owing to difficulty achieving good coherence. Yet achievable coherence with over rarely reported. Consequently, this paper evaluates tropic. Twelve part Johor selected based on perpendicular an...

Yamashita’s use of mythic verism in Tropic Orange and a reimagined doppelgänger trope I Hotel depicts the ir/real nature taxonomy identity Asian America other minority groups being constituted beyond mainstream or conventional understanding idea US nation-state as built upon discursive technologies amnesia misinterpellation subject history its Other.

CCR5, a receptor for the CC chemokines RANTES, Mip1alpha, and Mip1beta, has been identified as a coreceptor for infections by macrophage-tropic isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). To study its structure and function, we isolated cDNA clones of human, African green monkey (AGM), and NIH/Swiss mouse CCR5s, and we quantitatively analyzed infections by macrophage-tropic HIV-1 a...

To the Editor: Most clinical HIV-1 isolates can infect CD4+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes, monocytes, and cultured macrophages (macrophage or M-tropic) but not transformed T-cell lines. In contrast, HIV-1 strains adapted for growth in transformed T-cell lines (T-cell line or T-tropic) do not infect primary monocytes or macrophages. This difference in tropism appears to be a consequence of spec...

"RNA sensor-induced type I IFN prevents diabetes caused by a β cell-tropic virus in mice.

This paper presents the relationship between daylighting performance and shading device design in the perimeter area of buildings. In the area of tropic and sub-tropic, designers always face with the contradiction between solar heat gain and daylighting using. Factors such as different type of shading device, material reflectance, fenestration design, opening ratio, and daylight distribution wi...