This review summarizes current knowledge of macrophages in helminth infections, with a focus not only on delineating the striking similarities in macrophage phenotype between diverse infections but also on highlighting the differences. Findings from many different labs illustrate that macrophages in helminth infection can act as anti-parasite effectors but can also act as powerful immune suppre...

~| y electing Democrat Harris Wofford B to the Senate over former Attorney General Richard T h o r n b u r g h in November 1991, the voters of Pennsylvania proved that healthcare reform is a politically salient issue. Policy analysts, amazed that Wofford's healthcare reform message was a key factor in his election, have debated during the past few months whether this was a fluke or the precurso...

Exponential decay in community similarity as a function of distance is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biogeography. Thus, for parasite communities, pairwise similarity decreases with increasing geographical distance between host populations. This biogeographical rule should also apply along other dimensions characterizing the separation between communities. Since host-switching and phylogenetic aff...

Parasitic infections are generally regarded as the most prevalent and important health problems of grazing ruminants in Australia, with losses associated with nematodes, and ectoparasites causing a combined annual loss of approximately a billion dollars (McLeod 1995). Liver fluke, although having a restricted distribution in temperate regions has been estimated to cost upwards of $100 million (...

This is not to say that all scientists think that life’s existence was inevitable. The common view is that given a fuller understanding of the physical and biological conditions and processes involved, the emergence of life should be seen to be quite likely, or at least not very surprising. The view which is almost universally rejected by researchers in the field is that the numerous and prima ...

Electron microscopy has proved to be a very helpful those at posterior end consisting of powerful adhesive instrument in the study of biology in general. Since it has disks usually provided with chitinoid hooks or anchors; been invented a lot of information has accumulated in with single host, parasites of cold-blooded aquatic different aspects of biology. Studying the ultrastructure vertebrate...

An experimental study was performed to observe the recovery and growth of a minute intestinal fluke, Haplorchis taichui in chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus). Metacercariae of H. taichui were isolated from Jullien's mud carp, Henicorhynchus siamensis, which were collected in the Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. Two hundred metacercariae were orally force-fed to each chick. The intestine of the chi...