This paper describes a robust and portable tree ring parameter measurement system, which has a potential of surpassing state-of-the-art systems. A radially movable hand-held scanner is utilized. The problem of different vertical resolution in the image is handled using vertically adaptive filters in the subimages. A two-step segmentation strategy is taken. The periodicity of tree rings is first...

this paper is an attempt to generalize, simultaneously, the ring of real-valued continuous functions and the ring of real-valued measurable functions.

The Rhododendron spp. (R. yedoense and R. mucronulatum) at high elevations of Mt. Halla in Jeju Island are the dominant species shrubland. Despite recent damage to their growth due climate change spread Sasa spp., these have not yet been studied systematically Korea. Therefore, current study aimed verify effect abiotic factors, e.g., temperature precipitation, as a neighbor on based ring-width ...

Although prokaryotes are usually classified using molecular phylogenies instead of phenotypes after the advent of gene sequencing, neither of these methods is satisfactory because the phenotypes cannot explain the molecular trees and the trees do not fit the phenotypes. This scientific crisis still exists and the profound disconnection between these two pillars of evolutionary biology--genotype...

let $r$ be an associative ring with identity and $z^*(r)$ be its set of non-zero zero divisors.  the zero-divisor graph of $r$, denoted by $gamma(r)$, is the graph whose vertices are the non-zero  zero-divisors of  $r$, and two distinct vertices $r$ and $s$ are adjacent if and only if $rs=0$ or $sr=0$.  in this paper, we bring some results about undirected zero-divisor graph of a monoid ring ov...

Tehran, one of the heavily-populated capitals, is severely suffering from increasing air pollution. To show a documented trend of such pollutants during last years, plane tree species (Platanus orientalis) were suited to be studied as indicators, for the species have been planted throughout the city many years ago. Two areas (Saadatabad and Narmak districts) allotting different contents of crow...

Radiocarbon content in tree rings can be an excellent proxy of the past incoming cosmic ray intensities to Earth. Although such past cosmic ray variations have been studied by measurements of 14C contents in tree rings with ≥10-y time resolution for the Holocene, there are few annual 14C data. There is a little understanding about annual 14C variations in the past, with the exception of a few p...

Tehran, one of the heavily-populated capitals, is severely suffering from increasing air pollution. To show a documented trend of such pollutants during last years, plane tree species (Platanus orientalis) were suited to be studied as indicators, for the species have been planted throughout the city many years ago. Two areas (Saadatabad and Narmak districts) allotting different contents of crow...

Tree rings provide information about the climatic conditions during the growing season by recording them in different anatomical features, such as intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs). IADFs are intra-annual changes of wood density appearing as latewood-like cells within earlywood, or earlywood-like cells within latewood. The occurrence of IADFs is dependent on the age and size of the tree...

heritage-conservation project. impressive 50 feet (15 m). Its present truncated height is about 50 feet (15 m). Vancouver’s location at the southern edge of the coastal British Columbia rainforest has made it home to some of the world’s tallest trees, including two Douglas firs more than 400 feet tall, which were felled around 1900.3 Western red cedars grow stouter but less tall than Douglas fi...