Over a long historical period of development, the institution termination treaties has reached high degree maturity. Many norms that form it, having arisen in treaty practice states antiquity, not only reflected needs their era, but gradually, passing from generation to generation, have transformed. Some them become part modern system international law, been enshrined Vienna Convention on Law T...

We consider the social impact of nanotechnology (NT) from the point of view of its military applications and their implications for security and arms control. Several applications are likely to bring dangers – to arms-control treaties, humanitarian law, military stability, or civil society. To avoid such dangers, we propose some approaches to nanotechnology arms control.

We analyze important forces that hamper the formation of successful self-enforcing agreements to mitigate global warming. The analysis combines two modules: a) an integrated assessment model that captures the feedback between the economy, environmental damages and the climate system and b) a game theoretic model that determines stable coalitions in the presence of free-riding incentives. We con...

Watching the waves IMS also has a smaller network of sensors to listen for explosions carried out underwater, just above the ocean surface, or below the ocean bottom. Sound travels very efficiently in water: Kiyoshi Suyehiro of the Institute for Research on Earth Evolution in Kanagawa, Japan, says a 20-kilogram test charge of TNT was detected 16,000 kilometers away. As a result, IMS has just 11...

The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ hypothesis suggested that global politics would revert to inter-civilizational (inter-religious) conflict with the end Cold War. Conceptual and empirical refutations followed, but idea pre-Cold War inter-polity interaction was generally characterized by such not addressed. We consider this a possible historical libel. First, we briefly review position major faith tr...

The interpretation of treaties is a complicated and problematic question at times. It vital to interpret the law accurately in order ascertain correct meaning treaty provisions terms provide precise application. Consequently, rules play significant role purpose finding distinct which critical for both implementation stage mending any disputes afterwards. aim included 1969 Vienna Convention on L...

This paper argues that the willingness of countries or states to sign onto international treaties regarding nuclear non-proliferation and honor their former commitments is largely determined by their economic and security conditions that can be expressed by a few key parameters and whose interactions can be analyzed using game theory.

BACKGROUND Most countries in the world have become States parties to one or more international human rights treaties, thus creating an obligation by the State to its people towards the realisation of the right to health, which includes access to essential medicines. But whether such access is enforceable in practice is unknown. METHODS We did a systematic search to identify completed court ca...