Plants comprise an expanded endomembrane system, and transport within the network requires well-organized accurate vesicle transport. Tethering complexes facilitate early, exact contact among donor acceptor membranes, operate to bring vesicles into a closer proximity for trans-SNARE complex assembly docking; these are classified as either long coiled-coil proteins or multi-subunit tethering (MT...

The study of streas-induced birefringence has been continued in both polycrystalline and single crystal experiments. The effect is explained on the basis of nonlinear elasticity theory. Experiments indicate that dislocation activity does not strongly affect results in polycrystalline specimens, however, a pronounced influence may be observed in single crystals. Nonlinear elasticity theory has b...

For a Gaussian measure on a separable Hilbert space with covariance operator C, we show that the family of conditional measures associated with conditioning on a closed subspace S are Gaussian with covariance operator the short S(C) of the operator C to S. We provide two proofs. The first uses the theory of Gaussian Hilbert spaces and a characterization of the shorted operator by Andersen and T...

a State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of 4 Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China 5 b Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 700 Moreno Avenue, La Verne, 6 California 91750-3399, USA 7 c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, 8 SW7 2AZ, UK 9 10 11 12 *Correspon...

GDP-bound prenylated Rabs, sequestered by GDI (GDP dissociation inhibitor) in the cytosol, are delivered to destined sub-cellular compartment and subsequently activated by GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) catalysing GDP-to-GTP exchange. The dissociation of GDI from Rabs is believed to require a GDF (GDI displacement factor). Only two RabGDFs, human PRA-1 and Legionella pneumophila Sid...

Howard Gardner identified five different kinds of creative activity among eminent creators, namely, solving a well-defined problem, putting forth a general conceptual scheme, creating a product that embodies ideas, stylized innovation of an art form, and a 'high-stakes' performance in the socio-political arena. In this paper, I report that Alfred Nobel's creativity can be assigned to two mutual...

To function in fusion and signaling, Rab GTPases need to be converted into their active GTP form. We previously identified the conserved Mon1-Ccz1 complex as the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of the yeast Rab7 GTPase Ypt7. To address the possible GEF mechanism, we generated a homology model of the predicted longin domains of Mon1 and Ccz1 using the Rab-binding surface of the TRAPP co...

Aspergillus nidulans hypA encodes a predicted 1474 amino acid, 161.9 kDa cytoplasmic peptide. Strains with hypA1 and hypA6 alleles are wild type at 28 degrees C but have wide, slow-growing hyphae and thick walls at 42 degrees C. hypA1 and hypA6 have identical genetic lesions. hypA1 and hypA6 restrictive phenotypes have statistically similar morphometry, and strains with either allele can conidi...

SEDT (spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda) is a late-onset X-linked recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by mutations in the gene SEDL coding for sedlin. In the present paper, we investigated four missense mutations observed in SEDT and compare biochemical and cellular characteristics relative to the wild-type protein to address the mechanism of disease and to gain insight into the function of th...