We have used triphenyldiamine side-group polymers as hole transport layers in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes using 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) as an emission layer. The device efficiency systematically increases as the ionization potential of the hole transport layer is shifted further from the work function of the indium–tin–oxide anode. We attribute this trend to better balan...

The objectives of a transport layer protocol include the setting up of an end-to-end connection, end-to-end delivery of data packets, flow control, and congestion control. There exist simple, unreliable, and connection-less transport layer protocols such as UDP, and reliable, byte-stream-based, and connection-oriented transport layer protocols such as TCP for wired networks. These traditional w...

In this paper, we present the design and development of SameView, a real-time interactive E-learning system. It is designed for large-scale deployment over the Internet and provides a friendly user interface for various pedagogical activities. For efficient scalable multicast over the Internet, SameView is built on top of TORM (Totally Ordered Reliable Multicast), a transport layer multicast in...

Modern cellular channels in 3G networks incorporate sophisticated power control and dynamic rate adaptation which can have a significant impact on adaptive transport layer protocols, such as TCP. Though there exists studies that have evaluated the performance of TCP over such networks, they are based solely on observations at the transport layer and hence have no visibility into the impact of l...