The purpose of this study was to define a new clinical classification of atlantoaxial dislocation based on its clinical manifestations, namely reducible atlantoaxial dislocation (RAAD), irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD), and fixed atlantoaxial dislocation (FAAD). A total of 107 patients with atlantoaxial dislocation were respectively treated based on this clinical classification, incl...

OBJECTIVES To determine the optimal approach for nasopharyngeal culture and to establish which approach children tolerate best. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A pediatric otolaryngology department of a Dutch tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS A cohort of 42 children with chronic suppurative otitis media. INTERVENTION Paired nasopharyngeal samples were collected transorally and tran...

INTRODUCTION Extracorporeal lithotripsy (ECL) and interventional sialendoscopy are the classical treatments for Stensen's duct salivary stones, but some cases cannot be treated using these techniques. Another technique is now available, transoral Stensen's duct approach. TECHNICAL NOTE Transoral Stensen's duct approach can be performed under local anesthesia. The exact location of Stensen's d...

Classic approaches to the head and neck are well described in the surgical literature. These “external” or “open” approaches correspond to traditional anatomic dissections and are thus very familiar to head and neck surgeons. In contrast, the anatomy of the larynx and pharynx from a transoral robotic (TORS) standpoint must be approached from an “inside-out” perspective. Thorough knowledge of th...

OBJECTIVES Optical and technical characteristics usually do not allow objective endoscopic distance measurements. So far no standardized method for endoscopic distance measurement is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of transoral airway measurements with a multipoint-laser endoscope. METHODS The semirigid endoscope includes a multipoint laser measur...

OBJECTIVES Eagle's syndrome is caused by an elongated or mineralised styloid process and characterised by facial and pharyngeal pain, odynophagia and dysphagia. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings. However radiologic imaging, like panoramic radiograph, helps to confirm the diagnosis. There are different treatments of the Eagle's syndrome. Anti-inflammatory medication (carbamazepime, cortico...