the degradation of crude oil under a no-control and dispersant-control setting was evaluated using loss of biological activity test, microbial population growth and measurements of optical transmittance of test media. comparison of the toxicity of crude oil under the no-control setting to crude oil-dispersant mixture revealed that the mixture was about 2 times more toxic than the crude oil unde...

We describe a sensitive technique for measuring nonlinear refraction in a variety of materials that offers simplicity, sensitivity and speed. The transmittance of a sample is measured through a finite aperture in the far -field as the sample is moved along the propagation path (z) of a focused Gaussian beam. The sign and magnitude of the nonlinearity is easily deduced from such a transmittance ...

Many physiological and pathological conditions are associated with a change in the crystalline lens transmittance. Estimates of lens opacification, however, generally rely on subjective rather than objective measures in clinical practice. The goal of our study was to develop an improved psychophysical heterochromatic flicker photometry technique combined with existing mathematical models to eva...

Multi-view images are acquired by a lensless compressive imaging architecture, which consists of an aperture assembly and multiple sensors. The aperture assembly consists of a two dimensional array of aperture elements whose transmittance can be individually controlled to implement a compressive sensing matrix. For each transmittance pattern of the aperture assembly, each of the sensors takes a...

We propose a model for predicting the reflectance and transmittance of multiple stacked nonscattering coloring layers that have different refractive indices. The model relies on the modeling of the reflectance and transmittance of a bounded coloring layer, i.e., a coloring layer and its two interfaces with neighboring media of different refractive indices. This model is then applied to deduce t...

The Reverse Engineering problem addressed in the present research consists in estimating the thicknesses and the optical parameters of two thin films deposited on a transparent substrate using only transmittance data through the whole stack. To the present author’s knowledge this is the first report on the retrieval of the optical constants and the thickness of multiple film structures using tr...

The optical parameters of a SiO2 thin-film coating determined from the spectral reflectance and transmittance measurements at various incidence angles, including the normal incidence and the Brewster's angle, are compared in this paper. The high-accuracy measurements were carried out through visible-near-infrared spectral regions by using our purpose-built instruments. The optical parameters ob...

We present experimental results on optical properties of the rat skin controlled by administration of osmotically active chemical, such as glycerol. In vivo reflectance and in vitro reflectance and transmittance spectra of the rat skin were measured. Results of experimental study of influence of glycerol on reflectance spectra of the rat skin are presented. The significant increase of transmitt...

We have investigated the ordinate scale accuracy of ambient temperature transmittance measurements made with a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometer over the wavelength range of 2-10 mum. Two approaches are used: (1) measurements of Si wafers whose index of refraction are well known from 2 to 5 mum, in which case the FT-IR result is compared with calculated values; (2) comparison...