We experimentally determined the hydraulic properties of fractures within various rock types, focusing on a variety Variscan rocks. Flow-through experiments were performed slate, graywacke, quartzite, granite, natural fault gouge, and claystone samples containing an artificial fracture with given roughness. For slate samples, transmissivity was measured at confining pressures, pc, up to 50 MPa,...

Abstract Water pressure beneath glaciers influences ice velocity. Subglacial hydrology models are helpful for gaining insight into basal conditions, but depend on unconstrained parameters, and a current challenge is reproducing elevated water pressures in winter. We eliminate terms related to englacial storage, opening by sliding, melt due changes the pressure-melting-point temperature, create ...

Performance of different cover materials on improving Cavendish banana quality was examined during winter and summer. The bunch covered with a thin nonwoven innermost layer, followed by arranged from inner to outer as follows. (1) Control (commercial cover), paper/polystyrene sheet (PS)/non-perforated blue polyethylene (NPPE), (2) (NW)/NPPE, (3) waterproof (WPNW), (4) aluminum foil (ALF), (5) W...

Abstract Weathered crystalline-rock aquifers underlie around 40% of sub-Saharan Africa providing water supplies for half its rural population; they are also prevalent across the tropics. The hydrogeology these is complex and better understanding controls to aquifer transmissivity, alongside accurate borehole siting appropriate design, pivotal long-term performance sustainability services in man...

Better representations of groundwater processes need to be incorporated into large-scale hydrological models improve simulations regional- global-scale hydrology and climate, as well understanding feedbacks between the human natural systems. We a 2D flow model variable infiltration capacity (VIC) code address its lack lateral component. The water table was coupled with variably saturated VIC so...

Time-resolved transmissivity and reflectivity of exfoliated graphene and thin graphite films on a 295 K SiO(2)/Si substrate are measured at 1300 nm following excitation by 150 fs, 800 nm pump pulses. From the extracted transient optical conductivity we identify a fast recovery time constant which increases from approximately 200 to 300 fs and a longer one which increases from 2.5 to 5 ps as the...

The non-measurement based coherent feedback control (CFC) is a control method without introducing any backaction noise into the controlled system, thus is specially suitable to manipulate various quantum optical systems for preparing nonclassical states of light. By simply tuning the transmissivity of an optical controller in a CFC loop attached to a non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier ...

Proton acceleration from nanometer thin foils with intense laser pulses is investigated experimentally. We analyzed the laser absorptivity by parallel monitoring of laser transmissivity and reflectivity with different laser intensities when moving the targets along the laser axis. A direct correlation between laser absorptivity and maximum proton energy is observed. Experimental results are int...

We inspect the optical properties of dissipative double-negative metamaterials (DNMM) and find explicit expression for total reflection angle correct Fresnel formulae describing refraction DNMM at oblique incident electromagnetic wave on interface \textit{TE} as well \textit{TM} polarization. The reflectivity transmissivity film embedded in a positive index (PIM) surrounding are presented discu...