This document or any other document produced within the SUSTELNET project does not represent the opinion of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission, nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission, is responsible for the use that might be made of the information arising from the SUSTELNET project. Abstract This report identifies the main factors at play with regard to the int...

Although the universal genetic code exhibits only minor variations in nature, Francis Crick proposed in 1955 that "the adaptor hypothesis allows one to construct, in theory, codes of bewildering variety." The existing code has been expanded to enable incorporation of a variety of unnatural amino acids at one or two nonadjacent sites within a protein by using nonsense or frameshift suppressor am...

Retranslation Hypothesis entails initial translations are domesticated and target oriented, while retranslations foreignized source oriented. This paper focuses on the micro translation strategies used in translating language variety feature two Arabic of Lady Chatterley’s Lover. The analysis leads to general approach followed each it reveals that retranslation hypothesis is not valid as both c...

We have reported previously that PX-478 (S-2-amino-3-[4'-N,N,-bis(chloroethyl)amino]phenyl propionic acid N-oxide dihydrochloride) has potent antitumor activity against a variety of human tumor xenografts associated with the levels of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) within the tumor. We now report that PX-478 inhibits HIF-1alpha protein levels and transactivation in a variety o...

The notion of Translation Quality Assessment has been the object of many studies. TQA as the compre- hensive treatment of translation evaluation, focuses on the relationship between the source text and target text and also emphasizes that translation is a linguistic operation. To accomplish this research, House‟s model of TQA was chosen as the framework for the investigation ...

This study aimed to assess the quality of Persian translation of Orwell's (1949) Nineteen Eighty-Four by Balooch (2004) based on House's (1997) model of translation quality assessment. To do so, 23 pages (about 10 percent) of the source text were randomly selected. The profile of the source text register was produced and the genre was realized. The source text profile was compared to t...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between students‘ explicit knowledge in grammar and their translation ability. The importance of grammatical knowledge and its effectiveness in translation quality motivated the researcher to run this study and consider grammatical knowledge in Per- sian as the source language of Iranian students. It is clear that grammar is an area ...

Real-time speech-to-speech (S2S) translation of lectures and speeches require simultaneous translation with low latency to continually engage the listeners. However, simultaneous speech-to-speech translation systems have been predominantly repurposing translation models that are typically trained for consecutive translation without a motivated attempt to model incrementality. Furthermore, the n...

So far the majority of Machine Translation (MT) research has focused on translation at the level of individual sentences. For sentence level translation, Machine Translation has addressed various divergence issues for large variety of languages; the issue of pronominal divergence has been presented only recently. Since the quality of translation as required by users follows coherent multi-sente...

The complexity of planning tasks have increased over the past decade. There is relatively poor understanding what the implications are of increased task complexity in planning and scheduling operations. Previous work in the behavorial sciences have investigated the concept of cognitive load, addressing both task complecity and task workload or stress, and have concluded that decision makers ten...