A pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP) é uma pressão de distensão aplicada com poucos cmH2O nas vias áreas, geralmente pelo nariz. Os efeitos benéficos resultam de: sustentação das vias aéreas, aumento da expansão pulmonar, maior volume pulmonar residual após o nascimento, prevenção do colapso alveolar durante a expiração, preservação do surfactante endógeno, redução da desigualdade...

Congenital nasal aperture stenosis is an unusual cause of upper airway obstruction among neonates, and rarely presents as unilateral. Most commonly presents as choanal atresia. A CT evaluation is essential to confirm the diagnosis. Both surgical and conservative management can be applied, based on the severity of the associated clinical presentation; however, the very rare unilateral condition ...

A prenatally diagnosed patient was referred to our hospital at 35 weeks of gestation. Antenatal ultrasonography demonstrated cardiomegaly and aneurysm of the vein of Galen. A 3,290 g male baby was delivered by elective cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation. Physical examination was remarkable for tachypnea, hyperdynamic precordium with a continuous murmur, cranial bruit and bounding carotid...

Respiratory distress is a common symptom in the newborn. Surfactant deficiency in the preterm infant and meconium aspiration and transient tachypnea in the term newborn are among the most common causes of respiratory distress, but primary airway abnormalities can also present with respiratory distress in the newborn. Delay in diagnosis of airway abnormality can be life threatening. Radiologists...

Background: Neonates are presenting with various skin manifestations at birth or immediately after birth. Skin lesions in neonates can be physiological or pathological. Identification of physiological and pathological skin conditions with underlying associations helps in reassuring the parents or in the initiation of earlier interventions. Aim of the Study: To find out the prevalence of various...

Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the most common causes of perinatal dyspnea and is traditionally diagnosed by chest x-ray. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of lung ultrasonography (LUS) for TTN as well as differentiate it from respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by using LUS. From January 2013 to February 2014, 60 infants who were diagnosed with TTN based on m...

BACKGROUND Fever accounts for 70% of all consultations with pediatricians and family physicians. Fever without an identifiable cause (<7 days' duration) and fever of unknown origin (FUO, ≥ 7 days' duration) are particularly challenging clinical situations. METHOD This article is based on a selective literature search for publications containing the term "pediatric fever management," with spec...

There is an incomplete understanding of the differences between neonatal immune responses that contribute to the increased susceptibility of neonates to some viral infections. We tested the hypothesis that neonates are more susceptible than adults to mouse adenovirus type 1 (MAV-1) respiratory infection and are impaired in the ability to generate a protective immune response against a second in...