We review the evidence for a role for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the development of the avian embryo. Transforming growth factor-beta is expressed in a number of locations in the early embryo with a distribution consistent with a function in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and modulation of the composition of the extracell...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: R/M: Recurrent and/or Metastatic; HNSSC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; FU: Fluorouracil; PFS: Progression-Free Survival; OS: Overall Survival; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; TGF-α: Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha; TKI: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors; mAb: Monoclonal Antibodies; ACU: Area Under the Concentration; PD 1: P...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: R/M: Recurrent and/or Metastatic; HNSSC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; FU: Fluorouracil; PFS: Progression-Free Survival; OS: Overall Survival; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; TGF-α: Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha; TKI: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors; mAb: Monoclonal Antibodies; ACU: Area Under the Concentration; PD 1: P...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: R/M: Recurrent and/or Metastatic; HNSSC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; FU: Fluorouracil; PFS: Progression-Free Survival; OS: Overall Survival; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; TGF-α: Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha; TKI: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors; mAb: Monoclonal Antibodies; ACU: Area Under the Concentration; PD 1: P...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: R/M: Recurrent and/or Metastatic; HNSSC: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; FU: Fluorouracil; PFS: Progression-Free Survival; OS: Overall Survival; EGFR: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; TGF-α: Transforming Growth Factor-Alpha; TKI: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors; mAb: Monoclonal Antibodies; ACU: Area Under the Concentration; PD 1: P...

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potent source of growth factors, which are partly responsible for their beneficial paracrine effects. We reported previously that transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), a putative mediator of wound healing and the injury response, increases the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), augments tumor necrosis factor-alpha ...