We propose a shift in perspective from the view of natural languages as formal languages to natural languages as a collection of resources for constructing local languages for use in particular situations. This is suggested by our experience constructing natural language grammars for particular applications using the Grammatical Framework. It points to a research programme investigating how suc...

We introduce the new grammar formalism of Extensible Dependency Grammar (XDG), enabling us to take the different dimensions of linguistic description more seriously than existing grammar formalisms. XDG treats the different linguistic dimensions as separate, autonomous dependency graphs. We show how this allows us to naturally account for taxing phenomena such as free word order, control, and q...

The English passive construction has played a central role in the to-ings and fro-ings of grammatical theory over the last 30 years, from the earliest days of transformational grammar, to more recent, surface oriented theories of syntax. The casual reader of the linguistic literature might therefore suppose that the computational linguist looking for an off the shelf analysis of passives would ...

This short monograph, which is a "direct descendant" of Steedman (1987), presents a redefinition, within the framework of combinatory categorial grammar (CCG), of the roles and responsibilities of the two theoretical components: surface structure and interpretation. Surface structures are taken to be simply records of the derivation process, while interpretations are predicate-argument structur...

Syntactic structures have been analysed in terms of constituent hierarchies and also in terms of dependency relations. While these two traditions have sometimes been presented as competing with each other, there is no reason in principle why syntactic dependencies and constituent hierarchies should not both be part of the grammar, complementing each other. Indeed, within transformational gramma...

The objective of this research is to establish a connection between Arabic theoretical linguistics and modern linguistics, taking different approach from the common assumption that later theories are solely attributed Arab grammarians rhetoricians. To achieve this, study will examine linguistic achievements perspective highlight commonalities differences past present theories. Additionally, del...

Cognition, language faculty, Universal Grammar, Principles and Parameters, Transformational Generative Phrase Structure Rules, TransformationsThis review seeks to highlight Chomsky’s major contributions the field of linguistics. He changed linguists’ conception about nature language, from an externalized internalized approach. This shift also resulted in being thought as a cognitive phenomenon ...

As the most-studied form of leadership across disciplines in both Western and Chinese contexts, transformational school leadership has the potential to suit diverse national and cultural contexts. Given the growing evidence showing the positive effects of transformational leadership on various school outcomes as it relates to school environment, teacher and student achievement, we wanted to exp...

Transformational leadership has been identified as one of the most critical factors in ERP success. However, few studies have explored how transformational leadership impacts ERP success, especially in the assimilation phase. Drawing from organizational learning and leadership theories, we submit that transformational leadership is positively related to exploitative and exploratory learning, me...

the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational identity with organizational entrepreneurship among the faculty members of tabriz university. among the influential factors on organizational entrepreneurship, transformational leadership and organizational identity were two variables that were considered. an applied, descriptive, an...