The opening of new markets or trade routes has resulted in the deliberate or accidental introduction of new species, while the growth in the volume of trade has increased the frequency of species introductions. We model the connection between landscape heterogeneity, resource extraction, the level of biodiversity, and the level of trade. We show that the invasion risks of trade reduce the socia...

I investigate the long-run implications of trade and technology diffusion through trade, when firms are heterogeneous and trade is costly. The paper integrates firm heterogeneity and trade into product innovation growth models from endogenous growth theory. Two specifications of the R&D process are considered. In the first, R&D uses labor and intermediate goods; in the second, it uses labor and...

States with weak institutions can lose from trade with strong states when trade is subject to predation. The happy liberal idea of trade fostering better institutions and peace can be turned on its head. The Ricardian model of trade subject to predation offered here implies imperialism without capital, contra Marxists. Weak and poor South trades with strong and rich North. Poor South labor is a...

Informal discussions on international trade attribute much importance to organizational differences. Nevertheless, economic theories of international trade have not been extended to incorporate this important element. This paper integrates theories of internal organization with a model of international trade by adding another dimension — how decisions regarding which ideas or projects to accept...

Objective – The circular economy aims to preserve the value of products and materials within a closed supply chain. existing models decision-making methods for managing end product life cycle are mostly focused on economic aspects. While is aimed at combining environmental, social goals. This article develop model enterprise disposal used products, taking into account socio-environmental factor...

 Trade liberalization is often the core attention of foreign economic strategies in developing countries. Findings in the literature confirm a significant effect of free trade on developing economies through which the economic sectors benefit from technology transfer and spillovers and increasing production capacities and input productivity leading to international competitiveness. On the other...

Under plausible assumptions about preferences and technology, the model in this paper suggests that the entire volume of world trade matters for wage inequality. Therefore, trade integration, even among identical countries, is likely to increase the skill premium. Further, we argue that empirical evidence of a falling relative price of skill-intensive goods can be reconciled with the fast growt...

The application of the generalized gravity model in analyzing the Bangladesh’s trade reveals that Bangladesh’s trade is positively determined by the size of the economies, per capita GNP differential of the countries involved and openness of the trading countries. Bangladesh’s exports are positively determined by the exchange rate, partner countries’ total import demand and openness of the Bang...

An economy is presented where trade is beneficial but not assumed. If trade is to occur, it must arise endogenously as either barter or mediated trade. The role decision costs play in the development of trade is explicitly recognized. The theoretical model is examined in an experimental setting by imbedding it in a computer trading game. The data obtained from the experiments are used to examin...

We show that whether trade is one-way or two-way depends on wage strategies adopted by trade unions. The union’s wage strategy choices themselves depend upon the conditions under which trade takes place, as well as upon the characteristics of both the labour and the product markets in the trading countries. The impact of economic integration on union choices and therefore upon both labour marke...