Metals and metal compounds have been used for many years in the manufacture of plastic products. The metallic compounds added to plastics although encapsulated in polymer matrix are usually not chemically bound to polymer molecules and consequently can gradually be released to environment over the service life of a plastic made object. Similarly, when disposing of plastic waste either by incine...

Children are not only being born into a chemically toxic world, they are exposed to these toxins throughout their gestational development. They are exposed to hundreds of toxic compounds via cord blood and release many of them in the meconium. These toxins include numerous neuro-, immuno-, and endocrine-toxic compounds present during the critical stages of hormonal, immunological, and neurologi...

Microarrays with toxicologically relevant genes (tox genes) have been developed in our laboratory for toxicogenomics studies in rat, dog and man. The genes were chosen using published information as well as a discovery process for genes responsive to toxic treatments using transcription profiling experiments conducted with rats and dogs. In addition to published information human tox genes were...

To produce lignocellulosic biofuels economically, the complete release of monomers from the plant cell wall components, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, through pre-treatment and hydrolysis (both enzymatic and chemical), and the efficient utilization of these monomers as carbon sources, is crucial. In addition, the identification and development of robust microbial biofuel production strai...

Cyanide is highly toxic Cyanide is one of the most toxic chemical substances on Earth. Cyanide is toxic to most aquatic life and humans, even at low concentrations. Its use in gold mining is controversial. The extreme toxicity of cyanide arises from its readiness to react with other elements and hence interfere with normal biological processes. Cyanide gas is a biological weapon and was used in...

Industrial development may result in the increase of environmental risks. The enzymatic transformation of polluting compounds to less toxic or even innocuous products is an alternative to their complete removal. In this regard, a number of different redox enzymes are able to transform a wide variety of toxic pollutants, such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, azo dyes, heavy metals,...

triphosphatase specific activities were decreased in all subcellular fractions during liver growth induced by both ‘toxic’ and ‘non-toxic’ compounds; however, the content of these enzymes in the whole liver did not change. These changes were due to the fact that proteins having no such enzymic activities were synthesized at a relatively higher rate and accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum. ...

The production of compounds via enzymatic esterification has great scientific and technological interest due to the several inconveniences related to acid catalysis, mainly by these systems do not fit to the concept of "green chemistry". Besides, natural products as clove oil present compounds with excellent biological potential. Bioactives compounds are often toxic at high doses. The evaluatio...

the acute intravenous toxicities of a selection of three potential long-acting local anaesthetics belonging to the series of2- phenoxyethyldialkylamine were determined in mice. two of the compounds were tertiary amines and the third a quaternary ammonium derivative.the i.v. median lethal dose, (ldso) of one of the tertiary compounds, 21a [n, n- diethyl-2- (2,6- diisopropyl) ethyl amine hydrochl...

A general description of effects of toxic compounds in mammalian cells is facing several problems. Firstly, most toxic compounds are hydrophobic and partition phenomena strongly influence their behaviour. Secondly, cells display considerable heterogeneity regarding the presence, activity and distribution of enzymes participating in the metabolism of foreign compounds i.e. bioactivation/biotrans...