today trade is the basis of development of any societies that with its expansion, the industrial enterprises, takes advantage of its benefits and enhances their productivity. also they earn competitive advantage and further providing domestic needs, can capture the new markets. among these, the role of imports in trade is very important because the import of capital and intermediate inexpensive...

Beneficial institutional environments help to improve TFP in manufacturing. However, it is unclear whether China’s structural reform has led improvements the manufacturing industry. In this study, Sys-GMM was employed assess relationships between reform, technological progress and using panel data from provincial-level administrative regions China 2010 2020. The results showed following: (1) St...

The benefits of financial development to economic growth are conspicuous, but due the heterogeneity across regions and firms, effects competition have not been fully proved. There is a puzzling phenomenon in many developing countries, that is, banking monopoly coexists with growth. This study uses industrial enterprise data analyse how affects firm total factor productivity (T.F.P.) influence s...

This paper is a survey of recent contributions to and developments in the relationship between efficiency and productivity via the production function. The objective is to provide a brief discussion on data and on the methods of measuring efficiency and productivity. First, we introduce the reader to the measurement of partial and total factor productivity in the context of static and firm - sp...