We derive a topological classification of the steady states $d$-dimensional lattice models driven by $D$ incommensurate tones. Mapping to unifying $(d+D)$-dimensional localized model in frequency space reveals anomalous phases (ALTPs) with no static analog. While formal is determined $d+D$, observable signatures each ALTP depend on spatial dimension $d$. For $d$, $d+D=3$, we identify quantized ...

– We consider the inverse Landau-Zener problem which consists in finding the energy-sweep functions W (t) ≡ ε1(t) − ε2(t) resulting in the required time dependences of the level populations for a two-level system crossing the resonance one or more times during the sweep. We find sweep functions of particular forms that let manipulate the system in a required way, including complete switching fr...

Background and purpose: We report the development of a very efficient cell-based high

Many genetically encoded biosensors use Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to dynamically report biomolecular activities. While pairs of cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins (FPs) are most commonly used as FRET partner fluorophores, respectively, green and red FPs offer distinct advantages for FRET, such as greater spectral separation, less phototoxicity, and lower autofluorescence. We pr...

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy is widely used to study protein interactions in living cells. Typically, spectral variants of the Green Fluorescent Protein (FPs) are incorporated into proteins expressed in cells, and FRET between donor and acceptor FPs is assayed. As appreciable FRET occurs only when donors and acceptors are within 10 nm of each other, the presence of FRET c...

We have studied the influence of the local density of optical states (LDOS) on the rate and efficiency of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from a donor to an acceptor. The donors and acceptors are dye molecules that are separated by a short strand of double-stranded DNA. The LDOS is controlled by carefully positioning the FRET pairs near a mirror. We find that the energy transfer effici...