Despite the centrality of topical relevance in information retrieval system design and evaluation, understanding and implementation of it is usually limited to “direct overall topical matching” between the subject of the query and the subject of the document. The underlying assumption is that only a single type of topical relationship is involved. In related work, a relevance judgment instrumen...

This study investigates a semi-automatic method for creation of topical labels representing the topical concepts in information objects. The method is called rotated latent semantic indexing (rLSI). rLSI has found application in text mining but has not been used for topical labels generation in digital libraries (DLs). The present study proposes a theoretical model and an evaluation framework w...

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) has a great impact on the lives of patients and their caregivers. Topical corticosteroids (TCS) are mainstay treatment, topical calcineurin inhibitors can be used ...

Various agents have been applied topically to treat infected wounds for millennia, but their proper role remains unclear. Topical therapy affords many potential advantages but also has disadvantages. Opinions differ on which clinical signs define wound infection and on whether quantitative microbiological studies are useful. Clinically infected wounds usually require systemic antibiotic therapy...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, relapsing, severely pruritic, eczematous skin disease. The mainstays of treatment for AD are topical tacrolimus and topical steroids. Tacrolimus, a calcineurin inhibitor, not only complements existing treatment options but also overcomes some of the drawbacks of topical steroid therapy when given topically and thus meets the long-term needs of patien...

purpose: to compare the efficacy and safety of topical mitomycin- c 0.01% versus dexamethazone phosphate 0.1% in patients with refractory vernal keratoconjunctivitis (vkc). methods: in this double blind randomized clinical trial, patients with refractory vkc were randomly assigned to treatment with topical mitomycin-c 0.01% eye drops (n=27) or dexamethazone phosphate 0.1% (n=27), four times dai...

C O GI bleeding (GIB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endoscopic management of GIB could be challenging, despite the existing advancements in hemostatic techniques; there are unmet needs for the introduction of topical hemostatic agents in management of profound venous or arterial GIB and malignant lesions with a large surface area that are not quite amenable to trad...

Repeated courses of potent topical corticosteroids and maintenance therapy with moderately potent topical corticosteroids are frequently needed to treat various forms of vulvar dermatoses, which are often characterized by an abnormal proliferation or activation of T lymphocytes. Because such therapeutic regimen is associated with an increased risk of potential side effects, particularly skin at...

Bingpian is a time-honored herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is an almost pure chemical with a chemical composition of (+)-borneol and has been historically used as a topical analgesic for millennia. However, the clinical efficacy of topical borneol lacks stringent evidence-based clinical studies and verifiable scientific mechanism. We examined the analgesic efficacy of topical bor...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or chronically relapsing inflammatory skin condition that primarily affects children. Topical corticosteroids have been the mainstay of treatment since the late 1950s. While providing excellent short-term efficacy, topical corticosteroid usage is limited by potential adverse effects, including impairment of the function and viability of Langerhans cells/dendr...