One million to two million years ago, most of today's large, predatory mammals coexisted with larger extinct species, such as saber-toothed cats and giant running bears. Comparisons of tooth fracture frequencies from modern and Pleistocene carnivores imply that predator-prey dynamics and interspecific interactions must have been substantially different 36,000 to 10,000 years ago. Tooth fracture...

An integrated approach including analyses of different biological traits is a proven and powerful tool used to assess the population structures fish species, which vital for fishery stock conservation management wild resources. This study evaluates use three natural tags (i.e., microsatellites, parasites, otolith nucleus chemistry) in order describe structure spinyhead croaker, Collichthys luci...

The process by which sound is propagated in the head of a toothed whale is still a subject of discussion. Investigating the distribution of acoustic impedance calculated by density and Young's modulus is effective for quantitative comprehension because acoustic impedance determines the reflection coefficient of a sound wave. However, the sound propagation process of the toothed whale has been m...

tumor growth is characterized by uncontrolled cell division. for centuries, silver kushta powder, composed of nano and submicro silver particles, has been used in traditional iranian and pakistani medicine for the treatment of melanoma and breast cancer. we have found that these nanocomposite particles are similar to silver nanoparticles (agnps) in size and shape and that there are so differenc...

The swim bladder of the croceine croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea) was believed to have good curative effects in various diseases, including amnesia, insomnia, dizziness, anepithymia, and weakness after giving birth, in traditional Chinese medicine. However, there is no research focusing on the antioxidant and anti-fatigue peptides from croceine croaker swim bladders at present. Therefore, the pur...

The major objective of this study was to investigate heavy metal content of black pomfret (Parastromateus niger ). The concentrations of Zn, Cu, As and Cd were determined in external (gill and shell) and internal organs (muscle and liver) of black pomfret in northwest of Persian Gulf in summer 2013. A total of 60 specimens were collected from fishing bottom trawlers. Concentrations of these hea...

Whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are valuable genetic resources for the association and conservation studies. Genome-wide SNP development in many teleost species are still challenging because of the genome complexity and the cost of re-sequencing. Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) provided an efficient reduced representative method to squeeze cost for SNP detection; howeve...