A referred patient presented with a lesion of endodontic origin located at the apex of tooth #27. The tooth had been endodontically treated and re-treated. A periapical radiograph revealed a close relationship between the lesion and the maxillary sinus. A cone-beam computed tomography scan confirmed that the lesion had invaded the sinus cavity. The treatment plan consisted of periapical surgery...

This review gives detail information about the mental foramen location, shape, size and numbers and its variation between races. Studies have shown that there are variations in the position of mental foramen in different populations. It may lie between the apices of premolars, below the apex of first or second premolars. This variations mandate accurate detection of foramen during examination a...

Dentigerous cysts are benign odontogenic cysts that are related to the crowns of permanent teeth. The lesion in this study was detected in a routine panoramic radiograph that revealed a well-defined osteolytic lesion that measured 2.5 cm in diameter, with the crown of the mandibular permanent second premolar displaced to the lower border of the mandible. The apex of the tooth was still open. Th...

Teleosaurids were a group of semi-aquatic crocodylomorphs with a fossil record that spanned the Jurassic Period. In the UK, abundant specimens are known from the Oxford Clay Formation (OCF, Callovian to lower Oxfordian), but are very rare in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (KCF, Kimmeridgian to lower Tithonian), despite their abundance in some contemporaneous deposits in continental Europe. Unfor...

Radicular cystsare common odontogenic cyst of jaw bone which invariably presents as welldefined radiolucency around the apex of the involved tooth. It is diagnosed on routine radiography or causes a slow growing swelling, limited to apical region of a tooth. Radicular cyst presenting as unusually large maxillary lesions is uncommon. This paper reports two cases of large radicular cyst involving...

conclusions regarding the study limitations, dentinal cracks were observed in all files and distances from the apex. although there was more crack incidence in protaper files, no significant differences were noted regarding the studied systems and sections from the apex. materials and methods in an experimental in vitro trial, 80 maxillary and mandibular first molars were selected and their cro...

many materials have been introduced for apexification each having their own advantages and disadvantages. this case report aims to present a new method of apexification using a combination of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (dbbm) and enamel matrix derivative (emd). after irrigating the canal of the maxillary right canine with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite, a mixture of bio-oss and emd was packed...

external inflammatory root resorption (eir) represents a challenge in endodontic practice. eir commonly occurs after dental trauma that results in periodontal ligament injury, pulp necrosis and subsequent infection.  treatment of eir is based on disinfecting the root canal system through chemomechanical procedures and then filling it with calcium hydroxide or triple antibiotic paste. dental tra...

Endodontic procedure helps in preservation of a pulpally involved primary tooth by eliminating bacteria and their products and ensures hermetic seal of the root canals with different root canal filling materials so that the primary tooth can complete its function until normal exfoliation can occur without harming the successor or affecting the health of the patient.1 An ideal root canal filling...

A new approach of reconstructing ungulate diet, the mesowear method, was recently introduced by Fortelius and Solounias ([2000] Am Mus Novitat 3301:1-36). Mesowear is based on facet development on the occlusal surfaces of the teeth. Restricting mesowear investigation to maxillary cheek teeth would allow mesowear investigation only in assemblages of large numbers of individuals and therefore wou...