Although some phonetic variability is inevitable in speech production, adult speech is fairly consistent. Thus, part of becoming a competent adult speaker is learning to appropriately limit the variability in one’s speech. It is generally believed that phonology is mastered relatively early; however, this does not take into account the refinement of articulation required to reign in the variabi...

BACKGROUND To describe 4 patients with bilateral tonic pupils in neurosyphilis. CASES Four young men had pupillary abnormalities, which involved irregular shapes, large sizes, tonic reactions, and vermiform movements of both pupils with light-near dissociation. Cholinergic supersensitivity defined bilateral tonic pupils. OBSERVATIONS Neurosyphilis was diagnosed in these patients on the basi...

This study investigates the relations between the degree of prominence and articulatory-prosodic cues in emotional speech. In particular, this study considers articulatory parameters driven from the Converter/Distributor (C/D) model. The goal is to obtain a better understanding of the link among syllable magnitude in the C/D model, the empirical way to measure it in literature, and syllable-lev...