a difference in salt concentration in two solutions separated by a membrane leads to an electrical potential difference across the membrane, also without applied current. a literature study is presented on proposed theories for the origin of this membrane potential (ϕm). the most well-known theoretical description is teorell-meyer-sievers (tms) theory, which we analyze and extend. experimental ...

In this paper we report on an application and extension of the theory of Timed Modal Specifications (TMS) and its associated verification tool Epsilon. The novel feature with which Epsilon has been extended is the ability to automatically generate diagnostic information in cases of erroneous refinement steps.

Background: Validated instruments for screening of behavioral and emotional problems, although not being diagnostic tools, allow the survey positive cases various mental health problems childhood adolescence. Students with academic underachievement are more likely to present some psychosocial or problem which corroborates lack acquisition knowledge. The objective this research was carried out a...

BACKGROUND Previous research suggested that anterior-posterior (AP) directed currents induced by TMS in motor cortex (M1) activate interneuron circuits different from those activated by posterior-anterior currents (PA). The present experiments provide evidence that pulse duration also determines the activation of specific interneuron circuits. OBJECTIVE To use single motor unit (SMU) recordin...

We discovered that the contemporary procedure for assessing voluntary activation of knee extensor muscles with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is invalid. TMS activates too few agonist quadriceps motoneurons and many antagonist hamstrings to estimate resting twitch accurately. A modified procedure, in which TMS-evoked superimposed twitches are considered together from femoral nerve stim...

A noble reliable and quantitative method of TMS-induced EEG artifacts removal is suggested. The method is based on the cross-correlations of ICA components of interactively real TMS and fake TMS groups. FastICA algorithm was used for the ICA decomposition and FIR and notch filtering were preprocessed. A total of two healthy male subjects were selected in this study. ICA filters trained on the r...

background;despite advances in technology, people are still exposed to fire hazard. students can be one of the most important exposed groups. therefore, fire safety inspection should be established in dormitories. the aim of this study was to develop a fire safety checklist for fire safety inspection in dormitories. methods; this study was as a tool development followed by a cross-sectional stu...

Security testing is a software testing discipline that aims to verify that the functionality of the software is resistant to attacks and data processed by the software is protected. To establish common requirements that the software must ful ll, software security standards are published. This thesis aims to describe and apply a process necessary to verify the security of a web application. A ch...

Introduced 15 years ago, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive means of stimulating the cortex that has proved to be a unique tool for probing brain-behaviour relationships. While a therapeutic role for TMS in neuropsychiatry is uncertain, the utility of TMS in studying brain function has been demonstrated in diverse neuroscience applications. We review studies in animals on...