optimization is an important methodology for activities in planning and design. the transportation designers are able to introduce better projects when they can save time and cost of travel for project by optimization methods. most of the optimization problems in engineering are more complicated than they can be solved by custom optimization methods. the most common and available methods are he...

BACKGROUND The association between time spent walking and risk of diabetes was investigated in a Japanese population-based cohort. METHODS Data from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Diabetes cohort were analyzed. The surveys of diabetes were performed at baseline and at the 5-year follow-up. Time spent walking per day was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire (<30 minut...

background: at the end of fi xed orthodontic treatment, the remnant of adhesive should be eliminated from the tooth surface. the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three methods of removing adhesive on enamel surface roughness, dental pulp t emperature, and also on the time spent. materials and methods: the brackets on 90 extracted teeth were debonded using bracket removal plier...

background: myopia has different prevalence rate worldwide and there is controversial points about its environmental risk factors. the prevalence of myopia in medical interns atshirazmedicalschool and its probable risk factors were studied.   method: in this retrospective cross-sectional study, three hundred interns (7 th -year medical students) at shiraz university of medical sciences were exa...

BACKGROUND We examine the relationship between time use choices and healthy body weight as measured by survey respondents' body mass index (BMI). Using data from the 2006 and 2007 American Time Use Surveys, we expand upon earlier research by including more detailed measures of time spent eating as well as measures of physical activity time and sedentary time. We also estimate three alternative ...

Abstract Co-treatment of drilling muds with municipal wastewater in the reactors operating on activated sludge principle constitutes a potentially safe method their disposal. The is based process biological degradation pollutants by assemblages organisms (prokaryotic and eukaryotic), which include different species described as functional trophic groups. When ecosystem bioreactor equilibrium, h...