BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief ischemic episode characterized by rapid clinical resolution and not associated with permanent cerebral infarction. Whether changes in intracortical excitability persist and are related to clinical predictors of stroke risk after TIA remains unknown. METHODS Participants were individuals with clinically resolved motor TIA with...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In patients with a recent TIA or minor stroke, prediction of long-term risk of major vascular events is important, but difficult. We aimed to study the external validity of currently available prediction models. METHODS We validated predictions from 3 population-based models (Framingham, SCORE, and INDIANA project) and 4 stroke cohort-based models (Stroke Prognosis Inst...

The Catharanthus roseus plant is the source of many valuable terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), including the anticancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. Transcription factors (TFs) are promising metabolic engineering targets due to their ability to regulate multiple biosynthetic pathway genes. To increase TIA biosynthesis, we elicited the TIA transcriptional activators (ORCAs and other u...

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of prostaglandin formation in inflammatory states, and COX-2 overexpression plays a key role in carcinogenesis. To understand the mechanisms regulating COX-2 expression, we examined its posttranscriptional regulation mediated through the AU-rich element (ARE) within the COX-2 mRNA 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). RNA binding st...

Post-transcriptional mechanisms play a critical role in regulating the expression of numerous proteins that promote inflammatory arthritis. The mRNAs encoding a subset of these proteins possess adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-untranslated regions that profoundly influence the rate at which mRNA is degraded and translated into protein. Tristetraprolin (TTP) and T cell intracellu...

OBJECTIVE For patients presenting with TIA, a previous study concluded that hospitalization is cost-effective compared to discharge without treatment from the emergency department. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis of hospitalization vs urgent clinic evaluation following TIA. METHODS Among a cohort of TIA patients, we created a decision tree model to compare the decision to hospitali...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Transient neurological symptoms of brain stem or occipital lobe origin may be caused by transient ischemic attack in the vertebrobasilar territory (VB-TIA) or late-onset (or late-life) migraine accompaniment (LOMA). It is often clinically difficult to distinguish between VB-TIA and LOMA. METHODS Cerebral blood flow of 23 patients with VB-TIA, 24 with LOMA, and 28 age-ma...

Among many important advances in the management of transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and stroke are: the updated definition of TIA; risk stratification scores for TIA; the urgent diagnostic and treatment process for TIA; thrombectomy treatment for large vessel occlusive ischaemic stroke; cryptogenic stroke evaluation and treatment, including long-term monitoring for paroxysmal atrial fibrillatio...

BACKGROUND The risk of recurrence after an initial ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) may be impacted by undiagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). We therefore assessed the impact of AF diagnosis and timing on stroke/TIA recurrence rates in a large real-world sample of patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Using commercial claims data (Truven Health Analytics MarketScan), we performed a r...