This paper presents an anthropomorphic robot hand called the Gifu hand II, which has a thumb and four fingers, all the joints of which are driven by servomotors built into the fingers and the palm. The thumb has four joints with four-degrees-of-freedom (DOF); the other fingers have four joints with 3-DOF; and two axes of the joints near the palm cross orthogonally at one point, as is the case i...

PURPOSE Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) impairs the performance of fine motor tasks of the hand, leading to clumsiness. Precision pinch by the thumb and index finger is a frequent task that requires the fine control of each digit as well as the coordination of the 2 digits. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of precision pinch movements impaired by CTS. METHODS Sixteen CTS ...

We distinguish between two models of adult cortical reorganization, adaptive and constant somatotopy, using functional magnetic resonance imaging maps corresponding to individual thumb and fourth-finger digits in a patient with a right-hand fourth digit tendon transfer that salvaged impaired function of the right thumb. Comparison of motor and sensory maps for both digits and both hands was con...

dislocation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint is a rare injury, and only 38 cases have been definitively described in the english-speaking literature. all the reported dislocations have been dorsal. we present a volar form of the thumb carpometacarpal dislocation which was managed surgically after three months from the injury with open reduction and volar ligament reconstrction, with satisfact...

This paper presents an underactuated artificial hand intended for functional replacement of the natural hand in upper limb amputees. The natural hand has three basic functionalities: grasping, manipulation and exploration. To accomplish the goal of restoring these capabilities by implanting an artificial hand, two fundamental steps are necessary: to develop an artificial hand equipped with arti...

DNA polymerases are molecular motors directing the synthesis of DNA from nucleotides. All polymerases have a common architectural framework consisting of three canonical subdomains termed the fingers, palm, and thumb subdomains. Kinetically, they cycle through various states corresponding to conformational transitions, which may or may not generate force. In this review, we present and discuss ...

Finger-thumb coordination is crucial to manual dexterity but remains incompletely understood, particularly following neurological injury such as stroke. While being controlled independently, the index finger and thumb especially must work in concert to perform a variety of tasks requiring lateral or palmar pinch. The impact of stroke on this functionally critical sensorimotor control during dyn...

1. Myoelectric (ME) activity of several motor units was detected simultaneously from the human flexor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis longus muscles, the only two muscles that control the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. The ME signals were detected while the subjects produced isometric force outputs to track three different paradigms: triangular trajectories, random-force trajectories...