Este trabalho propõe um novo sistema de classificação climática para o estado São Paulo, baseado em mapeamento que leva consideração as unidades climáticas criadas por Novais (2019). Essa possui uma hierarquia, dividida em: (1ª) Zona Climática, (2ª) Clima Zonal, (3ª) Domínio, 4ª) Subdomínio, (5ª) Tipo e (6ª) Subtipo Climático. A temperatura média do mês mais frio é a principal variável térmica ...

Due to the limited reach of drinking-water delivery network, Yaoundé’s surrounding communities (such as Nkoabang) rely on well water, boreholes, and springs. This study conducted a Thornthwaite water-balance analysis in watershed order understand its hydrology capability investigated influence flows infiltrations recharge aquifer Nkoabang (Centre Region, Cameroon). The methodology this work con...

Grassland degradation in Altay Prefecture is of considerable concern as it a threat that hinders the sustainable development local economy and stable operation livestock industry. Quantitative assessment relative contributions climate change human activities, which are considered dominant triggers grassland degradation, to variation crucial for understanding mechanism mitigating degraded Prefec...

Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants may affect the hydrological cycle in all its components. Among various components, evapotranspiration is one of most important. As a preliminary step for assessing impacts PV on evapotranspiration, this study, we performed an evaluation study methods estimating reference (ETo). FAO and ASCE recommend Penman–Monteith (PM) method estimation ETo when data...

drought indices are commonly used to quantify and assess drought characteristics. the standardized precipitation index (spi), and recently introduced standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (spei) are considered as universal meteorological drought indices which allow comparisons of drought conditions across different climate regions. the spi captures anomalies in precipitation, wher...

The most compelling, yet unexplained, evidence for the coupled partitioning of water and energy by terrain and vegetation is the nonlinear relationship between drainage density, defined as total stream channel length per unit area, and a measure of surplus water in the landscape (Figure 1). In this classic example, the measure of surplus water is the sum, over 12 months, of ten times the mean m...

[1] The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) has been widely used to study aridity changes in modern and past climates. Efforts to address its major problems have led to new variants of the PDSI, such as the self‐calibrating PDSI (sc_PDSI) and PDSI using improved formulations for potential evapotranspiration (PE), such as the Penman‐Monteith equation (PE_pm) instead of the Thornthwaite equation...

In humid regions such as west-central Florida, evapotranspiration (ET) is estimated to be 70% of precipitation on an average annual basis (Bidlake et al. 1993; Knowles 1996; Sumner 2001). ET is traditionally inferred from values of potential ET (PET) or reference ET (Doorenabos and Pruitt 1977). PET data are more readily available and can be computed from either pan evaporation or from energy b...

Evaluation of evapotranspiration uncertainty is needed for proper decision-making in the fields of water resources and climatic predictions (Buttafuoco et al., 2010; Or and Hanks, 1992; Zhu et al., 2007). However, in spite of the recent progress in soil-water and climatic uncertainty quantification, using stochastic simulations, the estimates of potential (reference) evapotranspiration (Eo) and...