In Eurocrypt 2003, Boneh et al. presented a novel cryptographic primitive called aggregate signatures. An aggregate signature scheme is a digital signature that supports aggregation: i.e. given k signatures on k distinct messages from k different users it is possible to aggregate all these signatures into a single short signature. Applying the above concept to verifiably encrypted signatures, B...

The introduction of fuzzy logic in 1965 has been one of the main advancements in the last several decades in different subjects and especially in control theory [1]. Fuzzy logic has given large deals to reasoning, and clearly, shows its applicability in many areas to solve different problems concerning approximate reasoning. However, in large measure what remains unrecognized is that fuzzy logi...

– in this paper we consider some (α ,β ) -metrics such as generalized kropina, matsumoto and f (α β )2α = + metrics, and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for them to be einstein metrics when βis a constant killing form. then we prove with this assumption that the mentioned einstein metrics must beriemannian or ricci flat.

The classical Steiner problem is the problem of finding the shortest graph connecting a given finite set of points. In this seminar we review the classical problem and introduce a new, generalized formulation, which extends the original one to infinite sets in metric spaces. Sunto. Il problema classico di Steiner richiede di determinare il grafo di lunghezza minimica che connette un dato insiem...

one of the subjects about the “la zarar” rule that always had been controversial is survey for positive aspect of it. not only opponents but also researchers that sought to answer the objections of the positive aspect of the rule enter the discussion on the assumption that the evidence of the “la zarar, rule is the la zarar hadith, in story of ansari man and samorah-ibn jondab discored. this as...

Following Lancaster’s (1966, 1979) own interpretation of his characteristics approach to consumer theory, this contribution focuses on the theoretical and empirical arguments questioning the smoothness of traditional hedonic price estimation techniques. Indeed, Lancaster argued strongly against “combinability”, i.e., that any efficient combination of characteristics is feasible and sensible, wh...

Classical planners have traditionally made the closed world assumption | facts absent from the planner's world model are false. Incompleteinformation planners make the open world assumption | the truth value of a fact absent from the planner's model is unknown, and must be sensed. The open world assumption leads to two di culties: (1) How can the planner determine the scope of a universally qua...