the purpose of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of raising iranian learners’ pragmatic awareness of intercultural rhetoric in enhancing their l2 writing ability, as well as their written complexity and accuracy. to this end, two 25-member groups of efl learners who were taking basic writing course at islamic azad university, roudehen branch, were selected based on their perfor...

Beginning students of banking must grapple with a curious paradox: the banking system can multiply deposits on a given base of reserves yet none of its member banks can do so. Let the reserve-to-deposit ratio be, say, 20 percent and the system can, by making loans, create $5 of deposit money per dollar of reserves received. By contrast, the individual bank receiving that same dollar on deposit ...

Recently tasks, as the basic units of syllabi, and the cognitive complexity, as the criterion for sequencing them, have caught many second language researchers’ attention. This study sought to explore the effect of utilizing the cognitively simple and complex tasks on high- and low-proficient EFL Iranian writers’ linguistic performance, i.e., fluency, accuracy, lexical complexity, and structura...

Mastermind game is a two players zero sum game of imperfect information. The first player, called “codemaker”, chooses a secret code and the second player, called “codebreaker”, tries to break the secret code by making as few guesses as possible, exploiting information that is given by the codemaker after each guess. In this paper, we consider the so called Black-Peg variant of Mastermind, wher...

This study develops a self-generated drawing environment for the support of young children’s writing and storytelling skill through the implementation of drawing, writing, and storytelling activities. In particular, each student used a tablet PC to share a story and drawings based on written text. An experiment was conducted in a primary school with 116 1st grade students from four classes (div...

This study evaluated the impact computers had on the quality of writing in the third grade. This study was conducted over a six week period of time and took place in a regular education third grade classroom. The class consisted of sixteen students, ten boys and six girls. The students were required to complete two personal narrative writing samples. For the first writing sample, the students c...

language learners tend to use their mother tongue while learning a second language conducted in error analysis framework, this study was aimed at investigating the persian syntactic errors in pieces of writing of a group of talysh-speaking students in north-and south-anbaran villages in gilan. the participants were third, fourth, and fifth grade elementary school students. the reasons and origi...