A method to calculate residual activation of thin accelerator components is presented. A model for residual dose estimation for thick objects made of arbitrary composite materials for arbitrary irradiation and cooling times is employed in this study. A scaling procedure is described to apply the model to thin objects with linear dimensions less than a fraction of a nuclear interaction length. T...

Purpose: Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Renography (MRR) has the potential to provide useful renal functional information to evaluate renal diseases, especially the diffuse renal disease. The MRR is obtained along with dynamic renal perfusion after administration of an intravenous bolus of gadopentetate dimeglumine, and thus has an advantage of noninvasive examination [1]. However, generation of ...

At subduction zones, crustal material is recycled back into the mantle. A certain proportion, however, is returned to the overriding plate via magmatism. The magmas show a characteristic range of compositions that have been explained by three-component mixing in their source regions: hydrous fluids derived from subducted altered oceanic crust and components derived from the thin sedimentary ven...

Formulas are derived for the electrostatic potential of a charge in or near a membrane modeled as one or more dielectric slabs lying between two semi-infinite dielectrics. One can use these formulas in Monte Carlo codes to compute the distribution of ions near cell membranes more accurately than by using Poisson-Boltzmann theory or its linearized version. Here I use them to discuss the electric...

The regime of multicascade proton acceleration during the interaction of a 10(21)-10(22) W/cm2 laser pulse with a structured target is proposed. The regime is based on the electron charge displacement under the action of laser ponderomotive force and on the effect of relativistically induced slab transparency which allows realization of the idea of multicascade acceleration. It is shown that a ...

We have microfabricated two-dimensional ~2D! photonic band gap structures in a thin slab of dielectric material to define reflectors and high-Q microresonators. By selectively omitting holes from the 2D photonic crystal, optical microcavities, and in-plane microresonator switches can be defined. We have designed this structure with a finite difference time domain approach, and demonstrate the e...

An analysis is carried out of the steady spread of a flame with infinitely fast kinetics over a thermally thin solid rod in the absence of gravity. Due to the radial convergence on the solid surface of the heat flux heating and vaporizing the fuel, the spread rate is found to be higher than for a flame spreading over a slab, and the region of the gas around the flame which is affected by molecu...

A novel distributed window for output radiation from a high power 110 GHz gyrotron is made of thin slats of sapphire interleaved and brazed to hollow metal vanes. We report the results of electromagnetic theory and cold test of this distributed window. We calculate the frequency dependence of the reflectivity of a Gaussian beam from the window. The theory indicates a significant frequency shift...

We design compact (a few wavelength long) and efficient (>99%) injectors for coupling light into slow Bloch modes of periodic thin film stacks and of periodic slab waveguides. The study includes the derivation of closed-form expressions for the injection efficiency as a function of the group-velocity of injected light, and the proof that 100% coupling efficiencies for arbitrary small group velo...

We theoretically investigate the quadratic nonlinear property of a silicon-organic hybrid plasmonic waveguide with a thin polymer layer deposited on top of a silicon slab and covered by a metal cap. Due to the hybridization property of the waveguide modes, efficient phase-matched second harmonic generation (SHG) from mid-infrared (IR) (~3.1 μm) to near-IR (~1.55 μm) wavelengths are achieved wit...