The EU has set ambitious targets for an energy transition. While research often focuses on technology, institutions or actors, a transition requires complex coordination and comprehensive analysis and design. We propose a framework accounting for technology, institutions and actors’ perspective to design in socio-technical systems. We present its application, firstly, to biodiesel production in...

The term “actors” in industrial relations gained currency in John Dunlop’s Industrial Relations Systems (1958). He proposed that three parties—employers, labor unions, and government-are the key actors in a modern industrial relations system. He also argued that none of these institutions could act in an autonomous or independent fashion. Instead they were shaped, at least to some extent, by th...

This paper presents a framework for the integration of values (internalized norms) in a positive analysis of institutions and institutional change. Informal, norm-based institutions and formal – legal, economic, and political – institutions are co-determined as an equilibrium in the relations among economic and political actors. The paper discusses various ways that formal institutions influenc...

Since the emergence of the Internet, enterprises have opened their core functions to customers, suppliers, business partners and financial institutions. The intensive growth of World Wide Web has created opportunities for all kinds of enterprises to make their value offerings available to consumers as software services (i.e. e-services). An example of this is the proliferation of bookstores on ...

local planning is a basic principle as well as a major part of comprehensive rural development in which main emphasis is placed on local initiatives to make human interactions more active and dynamic. in local planning, all parties including local people, governmental bodies and ngos interact to fulfill the basic goals of community development. one may find good examples of local planning exper...