Management of benign biliary stricture remains a challenge for both surgeons and therapeutic endoscopists. Traditionally, surgery is considered the mainstay of treatment, but it is associated with significant morbidity and variable long-term outcome. With advances in endoscopic techniques and accessories, endoscopic management is emerging as an effective option. Outcome of endoscopic management...

OBJECTIVES To assess the complications of ventilation tubes that were retained in children for 2 years or longer and the necessity of removal. DESIGN A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent ventilation tube removal from 1997 to 2000, with the exclusion of patients with craniofacial anomalies. SETTING A tertiary children's hospital. PATIENTS One hundred twenty-six childr...