The analysis of inks and the paper to which they are applied is of great interest to a broad spectrum of science. From the historian and archaeologist to the forensic scientist, an understanding of ink-paper interactions is essential to the understanding of the ink and its subsequent changes upon application to paper. Determining chemical and other details of ink in a signature, for example, ca...

1. A behavioral and electrophysiological analysis of defensive ink release in Aplysia californica was performed to examine the response of this behavior and its underlying neural circuit to various-duration noxious stimuli. 2. Three separate behavioral protocols were employed using electrical shocks to the head as noxious stimuli to elicit ink release. Ink release was found to be selectively re...

A blue tattoo is more resistant to laser therapy than black or brown tattoos. This study aimed to confirm titanium as a key response-disturbing constituent in a blue tattoo ink after Nd-YAG (1064 nm) laser treatment by animal experiments. Rabbits' backs were tattooed with four ink colours, and the Nd-YAG (1064 nm) laser was used to remove the tattoos. The response to the laser treatment in the ...

A combined experimental and computational study of the transfer of transparent index-matched silica-particle inks between two flat plates is presented for gravure printing applications. The influence of printing speed and initial ink droplet size on the ability to accurately transfer ink during the printing process is explored systematically. Smooth interface volume of fluid simulations show th...

I have implemented ink and voice annotations in DENIM, a sketch-based web site design and prototyping tool. I also performed an informal evaluation of the annotation feature with four participants, one of whom was a professional web designer. The evaluation focused on how people use ink and audio annotations to review existing designs of web sites. The participants in the experiment tended to u...

Background/introduction Errors in power output ranging from −100% to +210% have been reported in a multitude of physiotherapy transducers.[1] Differences in power output can arise even after careful calibration on an annual or bi-annual schedule, which can either result in harm to the patient or non-effective treatment. Therefore, easy implementation of daily quality assurance is of great impor...

Memristive devices [1] exhibit an improved performance at ultra-small scales. The microscopic model for memristive behavior in oxide nanostructures often depends on the distribution of oxygen vacancies and is determined by the cation species. In 2008 HP presented the first bipolar TiO2-based memristor for resistive applications, where the drift of oxygen vacancies causes a change in the resista...

A computer simulation was performed to investigate optimal fourand five-ink sets in order to minimize color inconstancy while maintaining a large color gamut. The effect of including a spectrally-flat black ink on color constancy was explored. The relationship between ink shape and the color constancy of prints was also analyzed. The results show that the ink shape in the middle wavelength regi...

Problem 1. Assume the dimensions of an answer sheet to be 297 mm by 210 mm. Suppose that your pen leaks and makes some non-intersecting ink stains on the answer sheet. It turns out that the area of each ink stain does not exceed 1 mm. Moreover, any line parallel to an edge of the answer sheet intersects at most one ink stain. Prove that the total area of the ink stains is at most 253.5 mm. (You...

This paper presents experimental observations and a theoretical analysis of the operation of drop-on-demand piezoelectric ink jet devices. By studying experimentally the dependence of several operating characteristics on the length of the cavity in the nozzle of an ink jet device, we have gained insight into the physical phenomena underlying the operation of such a device. It is concluded that ...