OBJECTIVE To determine the optimum storage temperature and time for prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time at various intervals at both room temperature and refrigerator. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Laboratory at University Sains Malaysia (USM), from August 2009 to June 2010. METHODOLOGY Aft...

In this paper we consider the linearized problem of recovering both the sound speed and the thermal absorption arising in thermoacoustic and photoacoustic tomography. We show that the problem is unstable in any scale of Sobolev spaces.

Keeping a healthy and balanced diet has long been a critical issue for a person wanting to stay fit and energetic in her/his daily life. We can always turn to a dietitian (or a nutritionist) for professional diet suggestions if necessary. However, we cannot have a dietitian staying with us all the time, which renders daily nutrition control very challenging. Therefore, it is desirable for each ...

There is a niche for a sub-Kelvin cryogenic refrigeration unit that is simple, efficient, and does not require gravity. The superfluid Stirling refrigerator was developed in response to this demand. The refrigerator has cooled to 168 mK while exhausting heat at 383 mK, demonstrating the potential to cool to temperatures well below that attainable with a continuous 3He evaporation refrigerator. ...

As refrigeration has become one of the basic needs people of this era. The permanent demand of refrigerator is continuously increases in India and also in the whole world. The energy consumption in the refrigeration is also increases. Approximately it contribute around 13% energy consume in this sector. In the kitchen appliances, only the refrigerator consumes power continuously throughout a da...

The water-cooled heat exchanger is one of the key components in a pulse tube refrigerator. Its heat exchange effectiveness directly influences the cooling performance of the refrigerator. However, effective heat exchange does not always result in a good performance, because excessively reinforced heat exchange can lead to additional flow loss. In this paper, seven different water-cooled heat ex...

Thermoacoustic heat engines provide a practical solution to the problem of heat management in microcircuits where they can be used to pump heat or produce spot cooling of specific circuit elements. There are basically two types of thermoacoustic engines, a prime mover where heat is converted to acoustic energy, and a heat pump or cooler where sound can pump heat up a temperature gradient. Such ...

Domestic refrigerator-freezers are very widely used for food preservation. There is still growing demand especially in developing countries like India. The growth rate in India for domestic refrigerators is about 15 percent. A large inventory of such appliances exists in India. In recent years, an emphasis is paid to improve the energy efficiency of domestic refrigerator-freezers have to reduce...

The electroacoustic efficiency of high-power actuators used in thermoacoustic coolers may be estimated using a linear model involving a combination of six parameters. A method to identify these equivalent driver parameters from measured total electrical impedance and velocity-voltage transfer function data was developed. A commercially available, moving-magnet driver coupled to a functional the...

A stack with a small critical temperature gradient is desirable for a standing wave thermoacoustic engine to obtain a low onset temperature difference (the minimum temperature difference to start engine’s self-oscillation). The viscous and heat relaxation loss in the stack determines the critical temperature gradient. In this work, a dimensionless critical temperature gradient factor is obtaine...