Cracking in Silicon solar cells is an important factor for the electrical power-loss of photovoltaic modules. Simple geometrical criteria identifying the amount of inactive cell areas depending on the position of cracks with respect to the main electric conductors have been proposed in the literature to predict worst case scenarios. Here we present an experimental study based on the electrolumi...

in this paper, a thermoelasticity solution for steady state response of thick cylinders which are subjected to pressure and external heat flux in inner surface is presented. displacement field obeys the kinematics of the first order shear deformation theory (fsdt). it is assumed that the temperature varies both along the length and the thickness. the variation of the temperature occurs linearly...

in this paper, an ultra low carbon high strength low alloy grade steel was subjected to a two-step forging processand this was followed by different post cooling methods. the highest strength was obtained at a faster coolingrate due to the highly dislocated acicular ferrite structure with the fine precipitation of microalloying carbides andcarbonitrides. at a slow cooling rate, the strength fel...

The direct bonding copper (DBC) substrates of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules degrade inevitably under cycling thermo-mechanical stress, causing potential threat to the reliability IGBT modules. However, little attention has been paid monitoring their degradation. This paper proposes a DBC degradation method for modules, which combines boundary-dependent thermal network and fee...

Abstract Aircraft are equipped with ice protection systems (IPS), to avoid, delay or remove accretion. Two widely used technologies the thermo-pneumatic IPS and electro-thermal (ETIPS). Thermo-pneumatic requires air extraction from engine negatively affecting its performances. Moreover, in context of green aviation, aircraft manufacturers moving towards hybrid fully electric requiring all on-bo...

The sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) are wood species largely present in the forest area. composition relative variation of secondary metabolites under thermal effect is a little-explored material was thermally modified at 170 °C for 3 h using thermo-vacuum technology. Raw extracts were obtained with aqueous extraction techniques an autoclave, subse...

Heavy exercise has been shown to elicit reductions in inspiratory muscle strength in healthy subjects. Our purpose was to determine the combined effects of moderate-intensity endurance exercise and a thermal load on inspiratory muscle strength in active subjects. Eight active, non heat-acclimatized female subjects (23.5 ± 1.4 yr; VO2max = 39.8 ± 2.4 ml.kg(-1).min(-1)) randomly performed two 40 ...

The special properties of volume phase holographic gratings make them promising candidates for spectrometry applications where high spectral resolution, low levels of straylight, and low polarization sensitivity are required. Therefore it is of interest to assess the maturity and suitability of volume phase holographic gratings as enabling technologies for future space missions, with demanding ...

This paper describes the design of an X-Band Magnetron to Linear Accelerator (LINAC) High Power Transfer System consisting in an 8 resonant cavities Magnetron connected to a dedicated vacuum Dielectric Window (DW). A main analytical design of devices is shown with compact formulas and is followed by numerical optimization. Electromagnetic and Thermomechanical coupling between these devices is d...

In order to analyze the cracking and aging reason of the silicone rubber current transformer (CT) insulation bushing used for 8 years from a 500 kV alternating current substation, characteristics including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mechanical properties analysis, hardness, and thermo gravimetric analysis have been carried out. The FTIR results indicated that the external s...