in this paper, the heat balance of an engine was investigated experimentally. the experimental work was conducted on the ef7 natural gas fueled and turbocharged engine. the main goal was to develop an empirical equation to be able to predict the heat balance of the engine at various loads and conditions. the data were collected at four different conditions, two different loads and two different...

The need to control CO2 emissions, which are the main factor of global warming, is one of the most important problems in the 21st century. Therefore, the efficient supply and use of energy are indispensable. We have studied distributed energy management systems (DEMSs), in which we target to optimal plans that minimize costs through electrical and thermal energy trading under CO2 emissions regu...

Geothermal Heat Pumps, or Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHP), are systems combining a heat pump with a ground heat exchanger (closed loop systems), or fed by ground water from a well (open loop systems). They use the earth as a heat source when operating in heating mode, with a fluid (usually water or a water-antifreeze-mixture) as the media transferring the heat from the earth to the evaporator o...

energy policy making in the third millennium is summarized in three areas. the first area: moving toward the use of renewable, clean and environment compatible energy, the second area: restructuring in the energy sector, to make it competitive, & finally, the third area is: increasing efficiency in energy consumption. power industry as a growing sub-section of energy sector, especially in recen...

demand response (dr) has many beneficiaries in the electricity market. there are independent players who are interested in dr, which include: transmission system owners, distributors, retailers, and aggregators. in this paper dr is introduced as a tradable commodity that can be exchanged between dr buyers and sellers in a pool-based market which is called demand response exchange (drx). drx ope...