effects were studied of 200 ppm silver and copper nano-suspensions, with size range from 20 to 80 nm, on the hardness of particleboards produced at an industrial scale at the iran-choob factory, iran. metal nano-suspensions were added to the mat at two levels of 100 and 150 milli-liters/kg dry weight wood particles, and the results were compared with those of the control panels. results showed ...

Determining organismal responses to climate change is one of biology's greatest challenges. Recent forecasts for future climates emphasize altered temperature variation and precipitation, but most studies of animals have largely focused on forecasting the outcome of changes in mean temperature. Theory suggests that extreme thermal variation and precipitation will influence species performance a...

According to recent reviews, the question of how trophic interactions may affect evolutionary responses to climate change remains unanswered. In this modelling study, we explore the evolutionary dynamics of thermal and plant-herbivore interaction traits in a warming environment. We find the herbivore usually reduces adaptation speed and persistence time of the plant by reducing biomass. However...

walled carbon nanotube inclusions Sivasankaran Harish, Kei Ishikawa, Shohei Chiashi, Junichiro Shiomi, Shigeo Maruyama Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. We report large contrasts in the thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change alkanes in liquid and solid state with single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) inclusion...

• .All thennal methods for the study of the circulation depend upon the induction of a change in the heat content of! the blood stream. As a result of the change, a particular time-dependent spatial distribution of temperature is developed in the blood according to the manner in which the change is brought about and as a function of the prevailing pattern of blood flow. In a general sense, any ...

Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) is one of the most promising remote sensing technologies and has been widely applied in constructing topographic information and estimating the deformation of the Earth’s surface. Ice velocity is an important parameter for calculating the mass balance and modelling ice shelve dynamics. Ice velocity is also an important indicator for climate chang...

Biogeosciences Discussions This discussion paper is/has been under review for the journal Biogeosciences (BG). Please refer to the corresponding final paper in BG if available. Abstract Complex dynamic models of carbon and nitrogen are often used to investigate the consequences of climate change on agricultural production and greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture. These models require high ...

In documenting biological responses to climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has used phenology studies from many parts of the world, but data from the high latitudes of North America are missing. In the present article, we evaluate climate trends and the corresponding changes in sequential bloom times for seven plant species in the central parklands of Alberta, Canada (...

Estimates of the response of crops to climate change rarely quantify the uncertainty inherent in the simulation of both climate and crops. We present a crop simulation ensemble for a location in India, perturbing the response of both crop and climate under both baseline (12 720 simulations) and doubled-CO2 (171 720 simulations) climates. Some simulations used parameter values representing genot...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the color stability and hardness of two denture liners obtained by direct and indirect techniques, after thermal cycling and immersion in beverages that can cause staining of teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy disc-shaped specimens (18 x 3 mm) processed by direct (DT) and indirect techniques (IT) were made from Elite soft (n=35) and Kooliner (n=35) denture liners. For ...