At the request of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), non-anatomic (non-TNM) classifications were evaluated and important classifications incorporated into staging recommendations for oesophageal cancer in the 7th edition of the Cancer Staging Manual [1]. Cancer location, histopathological cell type and histological grade were demonstrated to enhance cancer staging [2]. Adenocarcinom...

Antibiotic resistance surveys are published widely, citing percentage resistance rates, sometimes for vast transcontinental regions. Such data seem straightforward, but when one drills deeper, great complexity emerges. Rates for methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus from bacteraemias vary from <1% to 50% among European countries, and vary greatly among both hospitals and hospital u...

Recent studies have shown that many proteins that regulate planar polarity in the fly eye are organized into discrete membrane sites which may be crucial for coordinating groups of cells.

In this paper we treat a general form of location model. It is typically assumed that the error term is distributed according to the law belonging to the class of elliptically contoured distribution. Some sorts of shrinkage estimators of location and scale parameters are proposed and their exact bias and MSE expressions are derived. The performance of the estimators under study are compl...

The fracture and crack growth of mechanical structures is a usual phenomenon which is due to the application of tensile, cyclic loading or thermal stresses on the structure. So introducing of methods to prevent the crack growth is useful. Afterward, one of the repairing methods of crack growth, consisting to make a hole in the crack tip to elimi-nate the sharp corners, was explained. This metho...