The EU has long been a global power in the world economy and in international economic policy-making. The EU is the largest trader in the world economy; in 2005, its external merchandise trade equalled about $ 2,790 bill., with a rather well balanced position: the external deficit of the EU came to about $ 134 bill. 1 In the same year, the US total merchandise trade came to about $ 2,637 bill. ...

Background Both rising healthcare costs and the global financial crisis have fueled a search for policy tools in order to avoid unsustainable future financing of essential health benefits. The scope of essential health benefits (the range of services covered) and depth of coverage (the proportion of costs of the covered benefits that is covered publicly) are corresponding variables in determini...

Before the collapse of Soviet Communism, China’s movement toward market capitalism, and India’s decision to undertake market reforms and enter the global trading system, the global economy encompassed roughly half of the world’s population comprising the advanced Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, Latin America and the Caribbean, Africa, and some parts of A...

during the 1960s, the relatively new approaches like environmental warfare and intentional environmental deterioration came in to the global security and strategic literature. till now, through different conventional and unconventional wars, the governments have imposed intentional and unintentional adverse effects on the environment some of which are lasting for decades. the application of wea...

The presence of stock market efficiency is a distinctive characteristic of the effectively functioning market economy. Investigation of the market efficiency of seven emerging East-European stock exchanges is carried out as their major stock indices (BELEX15, BET, CROBEX, ISE100, PFTS, RTSI, SOFIX) are studied in respect of long-range dependence (LRD), persistency, and forecasting possibili...

The paper aims to examine the impact of financial sanctions on capital inflow and outflow in Iran. The research question is about examining the effect of financial sanctions on FDI inflow and capital outflow in Iran. We used the intervention model as an econometric method to estimate the impact during 2005-2019. The paper discussed three periods. From 2005 to 2010, severe financial sanctions ne...